Psych Exam 6 (FINAL)
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group therapy? a. more focused on attention from the therapist b. less expensive c. social feedback d. reassurance that others share troubles
A
Systematic desensitization is a form of _____, which is a type of _____.
counterconditioning, behavior therapy
Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of
deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity is called
deindividuation
_____ is the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
deindividuation
A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in
discrimination
A negative behavior describes ________; a negative attitude describes ________.
discrimination; prejudice
What is the presumed problem for behavior therapy?
dysfunctional behaviors
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed to
elevate arousal and mood
Humanistic therapies are most likely to involve
emphasizing the importance of self-awareness for psychological development
What is the therapy aim for client-centered therapy?
enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of
enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted
Group therapy is typically more effective for
enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own
The most effective psychotherapists are those who
establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients
Ray voices his belief that those who are gay are living immorally, which is an example of a(n) ________ prejudice. Chad disagrees with Ray's attitude toward gays, but does not realize that he makes no effort to meet or make friends with gays, which indicates a(n) _______ prejudice.
explicit; implicit
A therapist helps Angela overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Angela best illustrates
exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization is a form of
exposure therapy
When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates
group polarization
____ ____ is the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
group polarization
Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that its not. Alex is most likely to conform to their opinion if
he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team
What is the therapy aim for group and family therapy?
heal relationships
Which therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening?
humanistic therapy
Jonathan, who attends Cloverdale High School, believes that all students at his school are friendlier than those who attend nearby Smith Valley High School. His belief best illustrates
ingroup bias
Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates
ingroup bias
The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____, and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.
ingroup; outgroup
What is the therapy aim for behavior therapy?
learn adaptive behaviors; extinguish problem ones
What is the presumed problem for cognitive therapy?
negative, self-defeating thinking
In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought
no others were pulling with them
When we make the fundamental attribution error, we ____ the impact of dispositional attributions, and we ____ the impact of situational attributions when explaining others behaviors.
overestimate, underestimate
Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when
participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers
A key ingredient in ___ _____ is arousal.
passionate love
What is biomedical therapy?
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology
What is the therapy aim for cognitive-behavioral therapy?
promote healthier thinking and adaptive behaviors
What is the therapy aim for cognitive therapy?
promote healthier thinking and self-talk
Prejudice is a mixture of all of the following EXCEPT: a. predispositions to actions b. beliefs c. emotions d. hindsight bias
D
Which of the following is most clearly a key element shared by all effective psychotherapies?
a new perspective on life
When Arturo and Maria visit a local jewelry store to purchase an engagement ring, the store is crowded and there is only one salesperson. When the salesperson finally approaches them, she is irritated by their request for help. Arturo and Maria realize that her behavior is due to the lack of sales help and the number of customers in the store. They are attributing the salesperson's behavior based on
a situational attribution
Client-centered therapy often utilizes the technique of:
active listening
Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues?
aerobic exercise
Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social interaction in a variety of important relationships?
psychodynamic therapy
What is the therapy aim for psychodynamic therapy?
reduce anxiety through self-insight
Phillip Zimbardo's experiment in which he randomly assigned college students to be prisoners or guards BEST illustrates the impact of:
role playing on attitudes
What is the presumed problem for cognitive-behavioral therapy?
self-harmful thoughts and behaviors
Michelle, who is a very fast keyboard typist, types faster when others are watching her work. This best illustrates
social facilitation
____ ___ is the improved performance on the simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
social facilitation
____ ____ is the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
social loafing
Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good-looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of
stereotypes
What is the presumed problem for group and family therapy?
stressful relationships
The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of the river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of
superordinate goals
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates
systematic desensitization
Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This condition is known as
tardive dyskinesia
Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the
the bystander effect
Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in
the bystander effect
Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates
the fundamental attribution error
People who blame victims of cancer for their medical misfortune best illustrate
the just-world phenomenon
Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student. Which of the following would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression?
therapeutic lifestyle change
If someone is stressed by their finances and workload as a college student, what would be most likely to help avoid or minimize episodes of depression?
therapeutic lifestyle change
In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their therapist, this is called _____. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating ______. The therapist will attempt to provide insight into the underlying anxiety offering a(n) _____ of the mental blocks.
transferences, resistance, interpretation
What is psychotherapy?
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
What is the presumed problem with psychodynamic therapy?
unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences
Her neighbor could not afford to repair the roof on her house, so Tijuana secretly hired and paid for a contractor to repair the roof. The neighbor never knew who was responsible. Tijuana's actions are an example of
altruism
When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated
altruism
____ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
alturism
Tardive dykinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.
antipsychotic
Therapy is most likely to be helpful for those with problems that ______ (are/are not) well-defined.
are
The ___ theory is the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition.
attribution
When we become aware that our attitudes and actions don't concede, we experience tension, or _____.
cognitive dissonance
Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities?
cognitive dissonance theory
____ ____ is the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
companionate love
Which statement about companionate love is true?
companionate love grows slowly throughout a relationship
Foot in the door phenomenon refers to the tendency to
comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request
What is the presumed problem for client-centered therapy?
barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance
Principles of operant conditioning have most directly influenced the development of
behavior therapies
An increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as
the mere exposure effect
When Armen first heard the hit song "Lose Yourself," he wasn't at all sure he liked it. The more often he heard it played, however, the more he enjoyed it. Armen's reaction illustrates
the mere exposure effect
When shopping for a new cell phone, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have familiar brand names. This preference best illustrates the importance of
the mere exposure effect
Which of the following is NOT true about states where anti-gay prejudice is high?
the suicide rate is the same as for heterosexuals