Psych final

Todd is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for his research methods project. He decides to measure popularity by asking each elementary school student to tell him how many friends he or she has. He assumes that more friends means the student is more popular. Which of the following best describes this variable?

A ratio scale of measurement

Which of the following is the difference between claims based on personal experience (anecdotal claims) and frequency claims?

Anecdotal claims are not based on scientific studies but frequency claims are.

In which of the following ways are content and face validity similar?

Both involve subjunctive judgments.

A therapist has several clients with similar problems. He compares their statements in therapy to see what might be common among all the cases. Naturalistic Observation Case Study Method Correlational Research Differential Research Experimental Research

Case Study Method

A student conducted a research project in which fake smoke entered the waiting area used by participants. This procedure was used to create a stressful situation and the student then tested participants' performance on complex reasoning tasks. One student waiting in a wheelchair experienced a panic attack when the smoke appeared. After this incident, the IRB stopped the research. This example demonstrates that:

Characteristics of individuals must be considered when determining risk

To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim, you need to focus most on evaluating which of the following validities?

Construct validity and external validity

A researcher evaluates the relationship between the number of calories consumed and weight.

Correlational Research

Third-grade and sixth-grade classes are compared based on their taste preferences.

Differential Research

A researcher compares participants' reaction times to visual stimuli in a laboratory setting.

Experimental Research

Two groups of rats are compared for their accuracy in running a maze. One group is fed just before the maze running, and the other is fed 4 hours earlier.

Experimental Research

Which of the following ethical principles is contradicted when deception is used in research?

Informed Consent

In developing a measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question?

It is a double-barreled question

Which of the following is true of behavioral observation?

May tell a different story than self-reported questions.

A researcher observes prairie dog colonies to learn about their behavior

Naturalistic Observation

Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement?

Number of panic attacks reported

Failure to protect the confidentiality of a participant's responses may increase the risk in a research study by increasing the possibility of:

Requiring prisoners to participate in a psychology experiment

For her research methods class, Serena plans to interview several teachers about their attitude toward teaching children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is an example of what type of measurement?

Self Report Measurement

Which of the following is a characteristic of a variable?

Some variables can be either manipulated or measured.

in which of the following situations may it not be necessary for a researcher to obtain informed consent?

When observing behavior in public settings with no intervention

If an organizational psychologist conducts extensive interviews with 40 workers at a large factory to examine the morale among workers in general at that factory, the population is

all the workers in the factory

Survey research should

ave a clear focus and be guided by hypotheses and expectancies held by the researcher.

A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) involved telling teachers that some of their students were "bloomers" and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year. In fact, these students were no different than any of the other students in the class. At the end of the year, the "bloomers" showed more gains in IQ than the other students. It appeared that the teacher had unintentionally treated the "bloomers" in special ways. This is an example of which of the following?

observer effects

Each of several patients is rated for their degree of depression, and if a particular patient's depression is rated 8 on a 20-point scale, 8 represents that patient's

score.

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first: watching television or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the following rules of causation?

the criterion of temporal precedence

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing?

the external validity of the study