Psych Final Exam, Psychology Final Review
bipolar disorder
_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.
Schizophrenia
_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes.
Body dysmorphic disorder
_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.
social phobia
_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.
bulimia nervosa
_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
anorexia nervosa
_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
depression
_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.
Borderline personality disorder
_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.
Dissociative identity disorder
_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.
Psychosis
_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed
mania
_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.
Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of extraversion?
correct Ethan, who has a lighthearted chat with all the members of his choir group
Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs?
correct If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.
In the context of the chemical senses, which of the following is true of the neural pathway of smell?
correct It goes straight to the olfactory areas in the temporal lobe
When conducting an experiment on time management, Jamie assigns everyone who arrives before noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after noon to the control group. In the context of experimental research methods, what is wrong with Jamie's experiment?
correct Jamie has not used random assignment
In the context of the visual system, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the functionality of rods in the retina?
correct Marcus is trying to find his seat in the dark in a movie theater
________ is caused by a genetic disorder.
correct Organic intellectual disability
Choose ALL that apply: The major fields in I/O Psychology are...
correct Personnel Psychology Organizational Psychology Human Factors/Ergonomics
________ refers to a nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.
correct Psychotherapy
________ is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly.
correct Sleep apnea
A team of researchers collected DNA from a group of people with a particular form of cancer and compared it to DNA from a group of people who do not have the disease. They are hoping to determine whether certain genetic variations occur more frequently in those with the disease and, therefore, where on the human genome the disease-causing problem exists. Which of the following is true of the researchers?
correct The researchers are using the genome-wide association method
Which of the following is the most widely accepted explanation for the effectiveness of neuroleptics as antipsychotic drugs?
correct They affect dopamine and dopamine pathways in the brain
Identify the true statement about barbiturates.
correct They are most often used in suicide attempts
Which of the following statements is true about the semicircular canals of the inner ear?
correct They contain the sensory receptors that detect head motion caused when people tilt or move their heads and/or bodies
Certain areas of the cerebral cortex are specialized to handle different sensory functions. Identify a true statement about the areas where the different sensory functions are processed.
correct Visual information is mainly processed in the occipital lobes
According to Thomas Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide, what two factors are involved in suicide?
correct a desire to die and the acquired capability for suicide
Which of the following characterizes the controlled (Type 2) system of reasoning and decision making?
correct analytical
Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?
correct applied behavior analysis
Industrial and Organizational Psychology...
correct applies principles of psychology to the workplace
Which of the following statements is true regarding brain development in humans?
wrong From 3 to 6 years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the parietal lobe of the brain
In the context of individual psychology, which of the following statements is true of Alfred Adler?
wrong In his approach to personality, Adler referred to the concept of compensation and considered it abnormal
Which of the following is true of the sensory processing approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
wrong It emphasizes deficits in theory of mind, which refers to people's understanding that other people have subjective experiences that may differ from their own
Autism spectrum disorder appears to be etiologically diverse, which means
wrong It is impossible to pinpoint any risk factors for its development
Which of the following statements is true of babbling?
wrong It is unlikley to be determined by biological readiness
________ are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the neuron's terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.
wrong Synapses
Which of the following is a potential problem of using correlational studies in psychological research?
wrong They can be used to study the relationship between only two variables
Mihail is watching a play. He can hear the dialogue at all times except when the actors are whispering in a scene. This is because the actors' whispers are too soft for Mihail to hear. In other words, the whispers are most likely below Mihail's
wrong arbitrary value
The ________ relays information between the brain and the eyes and ears.
wrong cerebellum
What does the magnitude of the correlation coefficient indicate about the variables in a correlational study?
wrong direction of the relationship between the variables
Infants who display secure attachment
wrong get very upset when their caregiver leaves and usually continue to show anger and distress when the caregiver returns.
Which of the following methods of studying the brain involves recording the brain's electrical activity by placing electrodes on the scalp to detect brain-wave activity?
wrong magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
In the context of the human sexual response pattern, the ________ begins the process of erotic responsiveness.
wrong orgasm phase
Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill?
wrong subjectivity
Salivation in response to food is an example of
wrong a learned response
anxiety disorder
A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from
hallucinations
A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of
a delusion
A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing
antisocial personality disorder
A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?
anorexia nervosa
A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months, so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of
As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in
correct aversive conditioning
Walter Mischel's view of situationism states that
correct behavior varies considerably from one context to another
In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, the ________ attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes.
correct biological approach
Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of nonstop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of
correct bipolar disorder
Which of the following is one of the issues addressed by the ethics guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association?
correct debriefing
College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type of drugs?
correct depressants
A student is reading his favorite novel and watching television simultaneously. Which of the following types of attention best illustrates his actions in this scenario?
correct divided attention
People with bulimia nervosa tend to have ________ of perfectionism and ________ of self-efficacy.
correct high levels; low levels
Freud developed psychoanalysis to work with patients who had physical symptoms that had no physical cause, which was otherwise referred to as
correct hysteria
Nativist approaches to infant cognitive development suggest that
correct infants bring a great deal more with them into the world than Piaget realized
An encoding failure occurs when
correct information was never entered into long-term memory
One technique for practicing positive self-reflection is to
correct keep a gratitude journal
When one hears any sound, one's eardrum vibrates. These vibrations are then transferred to the inner ear by the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. These three bones are all located in the
correct middle ear
Which of the following is the most extensively used class of antipsychotic drugs?
correct neuroleptics
In which subsystem of long-term memory is your knowledge of how to drive a car and how to ride a bike stored?
correct nondeclarative (implicit) memory
According to Freud, penis envy or the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
correct phallic
The associations between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and supervisor ratings, work commitment, burnout, and work-family conflict, among employees in various industries, were tested in a recent study by Kuvaas and others (2017). It was found that, unlike extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation
correct predicted lower burnout and work-family conflict
A(n) ________ presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or to tell a story about it—to launch their own meaning onto the stimulus.
correct projective test
Depression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter?
correct serotonin
Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle.
correct stage N3
You are walking to school when you encounter a barking dog. You start sweating and contemplate whether you should run away. Which nervous system is primarily responsible for this "fight-or-flight" reaction?
correct sympathetic
A potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is ________, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs.
correct tardive dyskinesia
According to ______, two brown-eyed parents can have a child with blue eyes.
correct the dominant-recessive genes principle
The broaden-and-build model begins with
correct the influence of positive emotions on cognitive processing
Developmental psychologists have used a procedure called the false belief task to examine children's
correct theory of mind
The goal of Industrial/Organizational psychology is
correct to increase productivity and well-being of employees
A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy will most likely try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by
correct trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts..
According to Sigmund Freud, ________ is a reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings, and thoughts that are beyond awareness.
correct unconscious thought
According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize
correct unconscious wishes and hidden desires
In the context of memory encoding, which of the following statements is true of mental imagery?
correct It entails visualizing material that one wants to remember in ways that create a lasting portrait.
________ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.
correct Preparedness
In observational learning, the first process that must occur is
correct attention
Marko's dog, Gus, sits whenever Marko says, "Sit." Marko now wants to teach Gus a new trick. He wants to teach him to bark each time he says, "Speak." But whenever Marko says, "Speak," Gus sits. The dog's behavior is most likely an example of
correct generalization
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is
correct logical, systematic, abstract, and idealistic
Which of the following occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later?
correct proactive interference
biological
The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
diathesis-stress model
The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.
positive symptoms/negative symptoms
The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called
they are far removed from reality.
The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because
cleansing
The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive
Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him.
Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case?
Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day
Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.
Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?
Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD.
Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a history of manic episodes.
All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT
feeling emotionally charged.
All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT
mood
A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.
an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.
A fear becomes a phobia when
specific phobia
A man who is so afraid of flying and who would go to any length to avoid flying is most likely experiencing
behavior that is inconsistent.
All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT
personally distressful over a long period of time.
Abnormal behavior is
major depressive disorder.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with
Alex has respiratory system abnormalities.
Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following, if true, is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder?
specific phobia
Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?
specific phobia
Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child. Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house. Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim. In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with
depression
All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT
motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts.
An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience
generalized anxiety disorder
An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from
mania
Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic, and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of
generalized anxiety disorder
Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms, Dr. Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause, and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with?
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with
major depressive disorder.
Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with
bulimia nervosa
Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from
bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than of _____.
serotonin and norepinephrine.
Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters
more common among women/equally common in men and women
Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.
sociocultural approach
Derek has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Derek's counselor, Mary, believes that Derek's poor relationship with his alcoholic stepfather is a factor that contributed to Derek's psychological disorder. Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychological disorders conforms to Mary's beliefs in this scenario?
hoarding disorder
Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of
panic disorder
Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with
bipolar disorder.
Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On the other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with
disease
Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.
trichotillomania
Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows. This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald. Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders?
excoriation
Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from
social phobia
Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?
major depressive disorder.
Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless. It's been more than two weeks now since she slept well. She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry is most likely suffering from
2 weeks
For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least
psychological approach
Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders
panic disorder
In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.
find it difficult to throw things away, troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time.
In the context of OCD-related disorders, an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to
high levels/low levels
Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.
a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala.
Individuals with dissociative disorders have
major depressive disorder.
It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of
biological approach
Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of
anorexia nervosa
Jessie, a young American, is obsessed about losing weight. She is paranoid about having calories and often starves herself. Despite being dangerously underweight for her age, Jessie refuses to eat as she is terrified of the possibility of gaining weight. Which of the following disorders best fits the description of Jessie's condition?
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has
panic disorder
John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has
panic disorder
John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear. During these episodes, he feels like fainting and has trouble catching his breath. John cannot identify the source of his feelings and worries that he might die of heart failure. In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of
generalized anxiety disorder
Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?
body dysmorphic disorder.
Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with
psychological
Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.
panic disorder
Lola often experiences abrupt, brief episodes of overwhelming fear. She does not know what triggers them, but she has these attacks in the grocery store, in busy restaurants, and even while driving. During these attacks, Lola's heart pounds and she has difficulty breathing. She fears that she may go crazy or have a heart attack. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Lola may have
medical model
Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.
It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.
Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew?
sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation?
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder.
Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of
biological
The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.
overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape.
Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to
the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts
What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD?
sociocultural approach
What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?
post-traumatic stress disorder.
When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of
hallucinations
When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing
sociocultural approach
When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ to psychological disorders.
It strongly focuses on the medical model and neglects factors such as poverty and trauma.
Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?
American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.
Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?
Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.
Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true?
It includes new diagnoses such as binge-eating disorder and gambling addiction.
Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?
In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time.
Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time.
Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?
The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.
Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?
Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen.
Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression?
dissociative identity disorder
Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?
the psychological approach
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?
maladaptive
With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered
panic disorder
You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from
bipolar disorder
Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of
Obsessions/compulsions
_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.
Hallucinations/Delusions
_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.
anorexia nervosa
_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.
Dissociative disorders
_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.
flat affect
_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.
Jose's employer pays him every Friday. This is an example of which of the following schedules of reinforcement?
correct fixed-interval
Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work.
correct 15 to 20 years
Most adults reach their peak physical development during their
correct 20s
According to the ________, emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.
correct Cannon-Bard theory
________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence.
correct Dyslexia
I/O Psychology is regarded as being "born" in
correct Early 1900s
Ernie is an extrovert. Bert is an introvert. What can you predict about Ernie and Bert given your knowledge of personality research?
correct Ernie experiences more positive emotions than Bert