PSYCH: Memory

short

The following statements are true regarding _______ memory: - It is a limited-capacity memory system. - It can store information longer than sensory memory.

3 to 5

Working memory has a different capacity than short-term memory. In working memory, if chunks are relatively complex, most young adults can remember how many chunks of information?

rehearsal

You don't have any paper or pencil to write the phone number someone is giving you, so you repeat the number until you are able to write it down. This is an example of _____.

chucking

______ involves grouping information into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units.

three

In a longitudinal study examining how long explicit memories last, researchers found that forgetting of information tended to happen in the first _____ years and then leveled off.

imagery

In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental _______ to remember the necessary route.

retention of information or experience over time

Memory is defined as the _____.

rehearsal

The following is a limitation of _______: It doesn't work well for retaining information over the long term because it involves just mechanical repetition of information.

working

The following statements apply to the concepts of ____ memory: - It is an alternate conceptualization of the concept of short-term memory. - It is a mental blackboard. - It consists of three parts.

blank 1: explicit blank 2: implicit

The two main components of long-term memory are ____ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and _____ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming.

FALSE: according to Craik and Lockhart, there are three levels of processing in encoding.

True or false: There are five levels of processing in the encoding process.

- the phonological loop - the visuo-spatial sketchpad - the central executive

What are the three components of Baddeley's working memory theory?

imagery

When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Because Don vividly remembers the theory today, this is an example of _____.

elaboration

When _______ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

Chunk the information

Which of the following strategies can be used to increase the number of pieces of information that can be held in short-term memory?

blank 1: short blank 2: long

You've just met John at a party and he gives you his phone number so you can get together later. You didn't write it down right away, and a few minutes later, you have forgotten it. This is because you failed to move the number from ______ -term memory to ______ -term memory.

short-term

_____ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer.

selective

______ attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli.

sensory

______ memory holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses.

premastore

______ memory is a part of long-term memory that represents that portion of original learning that appears destined to be with the person virtually forever, even in the absence of rehearsal.

rehearsal

_______ does not work well for retaining information over the long term because it often involves just mechanically repeating information.

encoding

Ari is watching a movie. Which initial memory process is Ari using?

elaboration

Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of _____.

blank 1: explicit blank 2: implicit

Due to the neurosurgery that treated his severe form of epilepsy, H. M.'s _______ memory was impaired, but his _______ memory was less affected.

blank 1: episodic blank 2: semantic

During his first week of college, Blaine attended a lecture on meteors. His memory of being at that lecture is _____ memory. His memory for the actual information about meteors is _____ memory.

CONSCIOUS. Explicit memory involves intent or deliberate remembering.

Explicit memory is the _____ recollection of information such as facts and events.

declarative

Explicit memory is the conscious recollection of information and is sometimes also referred to as ______ memory.

permanent

Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.

selective attention

Marisol is reading her textbook while ignoring the argument her younger siblings are having in the same room. Marisol's situation is a good example of ______ ______.

short-term

Rehearsal increases the length of time that information can be held in __________ memory.

the conscious repetition of

Rehearsal involves ______ information.

chunking

Sam has to remember a 12-digit number that he generated for his computer password (198819892001). He remembers the information as the birth years of his three sisters: 1988, 1989, 2001. Sam's strategy is _____.

5 to 9

Short-term memory can retain about _____ pieces of complex information.

three

The Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory proposed that there are _____ systems in memory.

rehearsal

The conscious repetition of information is also known as

encoding

The initial recording of information into memory is called ______

sensory

The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory are _______ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

TRUE

True or false: According to Baddeley's conceptualization of working memory, there are three components: the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and the central executive.

Sensory memory

Which of the following holds information from the world in its original form for only a brief moment in time?

short-term

You are driving down the highway and see a billboard with a phone number on it. You tell yourself to remember it, but after you drive a little farther, you find you've forgotten it. This describes the limitations of ______-______ memory.

memory

_____ is defined as the retention of information or experience over time.

working

the concept of ______ memory was proposed as an alternate conceptualization of short-term memory.

encoding

According to levels of processing, the process of _____ involves three levels.

blank 1: seven blank 2: two

According to researchers such as George Miller, short-term memory's capacity is _____ plus or minus _____.