Psych quizzes 5 and 6

If you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers, where is your locus of control?

Internal

Who led humanitarian reforms in France to unchain patients in mental hospitals?

Phiippe Pinel

Systematic desensitization involves:

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

George composed an entire symphony during three weeks of intense, creative energy. During that time, his speech was unusually rapid, he did not seem to need much sleep, and he thought his symphony would be one of the greatest ever written. This pattern of behavior suggests that George may suffer from ______.

bipolar disorder

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using ________.

client-centered therapy

Which model of psychological disorders accounts for biological differences in individuals and explains why some people develop certain types of psychological disorders under stress while others do not?

diathesis-stress model

Phineas Gage was injured when a metal pole he was using to tamp down explosives on a railroad construction project was driven through his eye and out the top of his skill when the explosive detonated. Gage survived a primitive form of which procedure?

frontal lobotomy

Cognitive therapy is ________.

likely to focus on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems

Fila has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Fila with __________.

major depressive disorder

People with mood disorders:

may become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events.

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli

Hoarding is most closely related to which disorder?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be _________.

pervasive worrying about numerous stressors

What is often suggested as the root cause for the development of dissociative disorders?

physical and sexual abuse during childhood

Kata and her family were involved in a road accident. Kata was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared dead. When Kata returned home, she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kata with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kata is most likely suffering from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Behavior therapists rely heavily on ________.

principles of conditioning and observational learning

What is the term used to describe beliefs that we can accomplish certain things?

self-efficacy expectations

Which neurotransmitter is most clearly implicated in depression?

serotonin

According to behaviorists, personality is formed by __________.

situational or environmental influences

Humor helps people cope with stress by ________.

stimulating the output of endorphins

Which part of the nervous system activates the adrenal medulla, causing it to release a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

sympathetic nervous system

In the classic story of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket acts as Pinocchio's conscience. He helps tell him what he should and shouldn't do, guiding him in positive moral decisions. What part of the Freudian psyche does Jiminy Cricket represent?

the superego

Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a ________.

token economy

Bobbie spilled water accidentally on her father's computer, but contrary to Bobbie's expectations, they did not get grounded. Their father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobbie that he still loved her, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobbie's father's response is an example of _____.

unconditional positive regard

Obsessions are:

unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

Which of the following is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives?

Conflict

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

Mina witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.

Dzianis has a client with a phobia of dogs. He shows his client how to safely interact with dogs in a controlled setting to help reduce his fear. Which method did Dzianis use?

Modeling

Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?

Most people who die by suicide do give warnings about their intentions.

Barry contracted covid-19 from a party where no one wore face masks. The virus that attacked Barry would be classified as which of these?

Pathogen

The reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another is the definition of _______________.

Personality

Eddie is a person with addiction. After eleven years sober, he became addicted to painkillers. He tried to hide it from his friends and family, but eventually he admitted his problem and took responsibility. Which process did Eddie use in this situation?

Active coping

Misu attains high grades in her college courses and is always very organized with her materials and time. Using the Big Five Model of personality, on which trait would Misu likely score high?

Conscientiousness

During a severe panic attack, the amount of this specific stress hormone found in saliva will increase.

Cortisol

Branimira has been sober for 14 years. When she shares her story in her group therapy session, what advantage of group therapy benefits the other members?

Her improvement gives them hope.

Riley is obsessed with collecting chocolate wrappers. He pick up wrappers from the road and stacks them at his house. Over the years, these wrappers have piled up to such an extent that Riley is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of his house to his bedroom. Although Riley has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter, he refuses to do so. Riley is most likely suffering from __________.

Hoarding disorder

In his clinical practice, Dr. Lee believes that the draw-a-person test (DAP) is an excellent way to discover some of his patients' mental health issues. The DAP requires you to draw a person, for instance, your mother or significant other. This type of test would be considered a(n) __________.

Projective test

According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removed, which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Resistance

Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness?

Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow.

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called __________.

Self-actualization

Which of the rolling is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

Social relationships

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

The exhaustion stage

According to the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers, he defines this as the center of experience:

The self

When effective, Alcoholics Anonymous is characterized by which of the following?

They heighten their confidence so they can face challenges without drinking.

The reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior can be called____________.

Traits

Which term refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure?

Validity

Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and her colleagues have studies how childhood stressors can lead to physical and psychological problems well into adulthood. The stressors are known as

adverse childhood experiences

Aki was beginning to panic as the store began to become crowed with shoppers. Aki most likely has symptoms of ________.

agoraphobia

Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However, he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n) ________.

approach-approach conflict

Freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the __________.

conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

When compared to hypnosis, Sigmund Freud found __________ to be a more gradual method of breaking through the walls of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes.

free association

The practice of mindfulness meditation has been shown to do all EXCEPT which of the following?

raise one's IQ

Which of the following is true of cancer?

People whose immune system is damaged may be more likely to develop cancer.

Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

Overeating

Which of the following can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress?

Life changes

Jalal is a person with schizophrenia. If his doctor chooses a biological approach, which class of drugs will Jalal most likely be prescribed?

Antipsychotic

Sanchez, an eight-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." Which model of psychological disorders is forwarded by this statement?

Medical model

Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles?

Noise

Which of these is the type of emotional support that provides feedback from others about how one is doing?

Appraisal

Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _________.

Delusions

A person with antisocial personality disorder would exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Do something to hurt someone's feelings and not feel any regret for their actions

Julio is a great athlete, he plays better when under the stress of a strong opponent. What is the term for the good stress that Julio uses?

Eustress

In America, it is common that people focus on their personal goals rather than a goal that would benefit the group. What type of perspective is exhibited here?

Individualistic

In the context of the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?

It relies on observational learning.

Which of the following is true of the immune system?

It remembers how to battle antigens, often for years.

According to Frued, which of the following is true of the ego?

It stands for rational ways of coping with frustration.

Sean's client, Jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychoanalytic therapy is what?

Transference

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor prescribes her a drug. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

an antidepressant

In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?

aversive conditioning

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ________.

benzodiazepines

Bettina has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Bettina exhibits __________.

both positive and negative symptoms

Steve's physician has prescribed him valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will ________.

depress the activity of the central nervous system

Slàine and Angus make a point of taking a nature walk every day when they get home from their stressful jobs. Which type of coping are they using?

emotion-focused

Loredo is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Loredo demonstrates ____________.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which methods are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud?

psychodynamic therapies

Pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness are examples of which of the following?

Biological factors

Which of the following statements is true of approach-approach conflicts?

Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable.

Identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model.

extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness

Since the 1960's, most people suffering from extreme psychological disorders ________.

live in the community.