Psych review 2015

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

A. The acquisition of knowledge learning

Melvin, a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. He is completing orders, serving customers, and seating new guests. He has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. Which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?

A. resistance

Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing the dissonance a person might experience after refusing to contribute money for a gift to a coworker?

A. saying I'm so rude

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

B. Gestalts principals

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

B. Testostorone

Which of the following is more associated with environmental effects than with genetic influence?

a. fetal alcohol syndrome

In the early years of psychology, a research participant might have been asked to observe carefully and systematically his conscious experiences. What method would the participant be using?

b. introspection

Jeff always tells his children not to use bad language when something does not go the way they want. Unfortunately, Jeff uses bad language occasionally and his children have observed him do so. Now Jeff's children use bad language. This can be explained by

b. social learning theory

Morgan made the fundamental attribution error in explaining her students' poor performance on their geography examination when she said which of the following?

b. the students don't care about their grades

Which of the following is a common symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

c. rapid speech

Which of the following is the best example of fluid intelligence?

c. using cubes to figure out

People were asked to sign a petition in support of a political candidate. Later, those who signed the petition were asked to donate money to the candidate, and many of them did. This phenomenon is best characterized as

foot in the door

A tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which of the following?

frequent eating and obesity

A dog bit Sam when he was a small child and now Sam believes all dogs bite. Which of the following is a type of reasoning that Sam is using to come to this conclusion?

inductive

On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

sensory adaptation

In Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners. The results showed that

situations can exert powerful effects..

An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for

survival

Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the

visual cortex

A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in

B. autonamic arousal

Which of the following is the median of Rachel's scores?

9.5

Research studies indicate that people who are intrinsically motivated as compared to people who are extrinsically motivated tend to

A. work harder and enjoy their work more

Because the most popular students in the high school tend to wear a particular brand of athletic shoe, a new student buys a pair of shoes of the same brand. Such behavior demonstrates which of the following social psychological concepts?

B. conformity

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to

B. express happiness

Consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?

B. growing new dendrite spines

The Flynn effect is best illustrated by which of the following statements?

B. intelligence scores increase across generations

When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

B. motion parallex

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurementto the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is

B. reliable but not valid

Which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer?

B. she feels confident

On an intelligence test, the number of questions an individual answers correctly is meaningless without which of the following?

B.. Standardization

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

C. rectugular formation

Which of the following treatments would be most effective for someone who experiences a rapid heartbeat, light-headedness, and nausea when speaking in public?

C. systematic descentization

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

D sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is the range of Rachel's scores?

D. 15

Standard deviation is a measure of how much

D. Scores in a group differ

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the

E. Hippocampus

picture

axon terminals

The ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is

1:1

Which of the following explanations most clearly demonstrates an internal attribution for the reason a student fell asleep in class?

A. The student does't care about the class

Which of the following examples best illustrates the defense mechanism of regression?

A. after failing an exam..

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

A. an abnormality in brain tissue

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

A. an inborn distate

During a quiz, a student is asked, "Which is more common in the English language, the letter "k" as the first letter in a word or the letter "k" as the third letter in a word?" Which of the following would be the student's likely response if he relied on the availability heuristic to answer the question?

A. he would say

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion according to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy model of treatment?

A. if i dint get as in college

In the first part of an experiment, one group of rats received reinforcement after correctly navigating a maze. A second group received no reinforcement after wandering around the maze. In the next part, both groups received reinforcement after navigating the maze. Despite not receiving reinforcement at the beginning of the experiment, the second group performed as well as the first. The learning that occurred in the second group in the absence of reinforcement is called

A. latent learning

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

A. reliable

Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of

A. sampling bias

Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways?

A. specific phobia disorder is linked..

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

A. switch their

Children who are consistently praised for receiving high grades in school will likely continue to work for high grades. Using an operant conditioning explanation of this phenomenon, which of the following is true?

A. the praise functions

If mice lack an enzyme essential to the process of long-term potentiation, which of the following will be the most likely consequence?

A. they will be unable to learn a maze

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

A. top-down processing

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

A. when a bystander is the only one present

Darien's father dictated who Darien's friends should be and what classes he should take, and he set an extremely early curfew. If Darien went against his father's wishes, the repercussions were harsh and swift. What type of parenting did Darien experience?

Authoritarian

The results of a correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because

B. The sample

^ Which of the following violations of ethical guidelines occurs in the study?

B. Violation of the right to withdraw

Raul wants to teach his daughter Sonia to tie her shoes. First he praises her when she manipulates her shoelaces in any way. Then he praises her when she makes a simple knot. Once she does that consistently, he praises her only when she makes the knot and a loop. He continues the pattern until she can do all the steps required to tie her shoes. Raul's actions are an example of which of the following techniques?

B. shaping

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

B.conscious experience

To study differences in the cognitive processing of younger and older adults, Genevieve assessed a group of 30 year olds and a group of 60 year olds using the same cognitive task. She found no significant difference in cognitive processing between the two groups. Which of the following is a true statement that best explains her findings?

C. genevive's task

When a projective technique is used, a person could be asked to

C. look at the same pictures

Which of the following factors is an important predictor of attraction? Proximity Mere exposure Physical attractiveness

D. I and III only

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception? Opponent process Frequency Place

D. II and III only

A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments. After a few treatments, the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room. The treatment room has become

D. a conditioned stimulus

Amanda experienced discomfort in class. She put on a sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. Her behavior was motivated by

D. a drive

Which of the following is an example of an individual who demonstrates an internal locus of control?

D. a student

Research on the development of personality traits across the life span has revealed that

D. an individual

Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking a medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. What type of treatment has Jim chosen?

D. behavioral

Fluoxetine (Prozac® ) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

D. blocking reputake

Which of the following treatments assumes a biological cause for a disorder?

D. electrocumpultion

Client-centered therapists try to appreciate how the world appears from the client's point of view. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

D. empathy

A psychologist who classifies an individual's personality according to the person's manifestations of traits such as neuroticism, openness, and extraversion probably believes in which model of personality?

D. five factor

The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?

D. humanistic

The chart above illustrates which of the following psychological concepts?

D. serial position

Mary is introduced to three new people at a party. Later, however, she cannot remember the names of any of her new acquaintances, even though she remembers what she ate, her old friends who were there, and the address of the host. What may account for Mary's inability to remember these individuals' names?

D. she never encoded

The data above represent research findings by Bibb Latané and colleagues. What psychological principle is best represented in the graph?

D. social loafing

As a result of being hypnotized, an individual may not feel the hypnotist touching her arm because of

D. sugestability

The next questions refer to the following. A psychological researcher designs a study to determine whether positive feedback affects self-esteem. The researcher requires each participant to toss twenty coins into a coffee can that is three feet away. Half of the participants are told that their perform

D. the feedback about relative

Tina's mother often entertains Tina by bouncing a bunny puppet back and forth along the side of Tina's crib. Initially, Tina pays close attention to the puppet but after a while, she begins to ignore it and continues doing what she was doing before the puppet appeared. Which of the following psychological concepts best explains Tina's change in behavior?

E. Habituation

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

E. R&C, B

The idea that the explanation for prejudice lies in children's modeling of their parents' prejudicial beliefs, emotions, and behaviors is most closely aligned with the theories of which of the following?

E. albert bandura

Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?

E. as income increases

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

E. difficulty with speech production

Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular Internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior

E. does not appear to cause distress

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?

E. dopamine

Paul and Sally, who met and married in their mid-20s, have been married for 25 years. Their youngest child recently graduated from high school and has left for college. Which of the following is most likely true of this couple?

E. thither marital relationship will improve

Which developmental milestone must be reached before an infant experiences separation anxiety?

Imprinting

Which of the following studies in the field of social psychology met with the greatest criticism about the ethical issues involved?

a. stanley

Kathy is learning how to cook. She follows every direction on each recipe step by step to make sure her food tastes good. Which of the following describes the problem-solving approach that Kathy is using?

algorithm

After an electrode implanted in a cat's brain stimulates the cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

immediately withdraw in fear