psych social

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

dispositional attribution

the mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar.

If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of

implicit prejudice

Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates

ingroup bias

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins is best explained in terms of

just-world phenomenon

Deindividuation refers to

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates

social facilitation

University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates:

social loafing

Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

social trap

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of:

superordinate goals

role-playing on attitudes

When we adopt a new role, we attempt to conform to social expectations of playing that role Eventually, we "become" the role

Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal of the defendant in a murder trial. To influence the majority he should

be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

belief-based feelings

Mrs. Pinheiro fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

bystander effect

Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we

can easily recall our attitudes

the discomfort we feel when two thought are inconsistent is called

cognitive dissonance

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study

conformity

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation