Psych. Test #2

Twenty-three-year-old Chelsea says that she has "no idea" about what to do with her life and has "no interest" in any career. What is Chelsea's identity status?

diffusion

The capacity to manage one's feelings is called

emotion regulation.

"Flow" is MOST apt to happen when one

engages in intrinsically motivating tasks

_____ is the primary function of emerging adulthood

exploration

Five-year-old Brenda is often loud, rude, aggressive, and disruptive. She probably has _____ tendencies.

exter

Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.

externalizing tendencies

Disruptive and aggressive behavior in children may indicate:

externalizing tendencies

Which of the following environmental factors is NOT tied to an earlier onset of puberty?

family size

Which of the following does NOT encourage teenage eating disorders?

feeling in control of one's life

Nerelda is working at top capacity in a challenging task, and the hours fly by like minutes. The name for the state she is in is

flow

Karl says that he plans to work in his father's plumbing business, as his father told him he must follow that career. Karl's identity status is

foreclosure

Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies

internalizing

John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies.

internalizing

Steffie is actively trying out various life paths. What is her identity status?

moratorium

_____ is evaluating oneself as either good or bad as a result of comparing the self to other people

self-esteem

To rekindle marital romance, spouses might:

share flow states with their partners.

Jessica is 34 years old and has just broken up with her boyfriend. She is depressed because her plan to have children by 35 will not happen. Jessica's internalized timetable telling her where she should be at a certain time in life is her

social clock

The male sign of fertility—an event in boys comparable to menarche in girls—is called:

spermarche.

All of the following are good strategies for helping children cope with divorce EXCEPT:

striving for joint custody in all cases

On average, the physical changes of puberty take about _____ to complete

5 years

What might be a tip-off that a teen boy or girl wants to become sexually active?

The teen gravitates to sexually explicit media.

hich of the following is often a characteristic of maltreated children?

They may be highly aggressive.

Georgio changes jobs after about 4 years in each position. Georgio has a(n) _____ career path.

boundaryless

Children who live in single-parent mother-headed families are often:

impoverished

To find out if a child has high self-esteem, what question would one ask?

"Are you succeeding in the areas of life you really care about?

Over _____ million children are raised by their grandparents alone

1

Research with gay people suggests that people's first sexual feelings arise at _____ years of age.

10

One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents

4

What question would one ask a teen to BEST predict whether that teen has high self-esteem?

Are you attractive?

Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school?

Children can realistically compare their abilities to their peers

As a college freshman, Joseph wants to know the odds of his finishing college and making the most of his undergraduate experience. To make an accurate prediction, one would ask him all of these questions EXCEPT

Do you have a circle of friends that are "just like you?"

Over the last 100 years IQ test scores have been steadily increasing. This is referred to as the _____ effect

Flynn

Which of the following statements is true about bulimia?

Its victims often weigh within the normal range

Pick the statement that Howard Gardner might make

Let's focus on measuring a child's unique talents and gifts

Which statement about school is false?

Many children hate going to kindergarten.

Pick the primary twentieth century trend in puberty.

Puberty is occurring at younger ages

Which statement is false?

Rates of teenage sexual intercourse are at an all-time high

Despite being pleased about the birth of her son, Grace describes her day-to-day happiness as a new mother to be at an all-time low. Grace's experience is:

TYPICAL

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the criticisms made regarding Baumrind's parenting styles framework?

The framework applies only to U.S. poor children

Which of the following is the first sign of puberty in boys?

The penis and testes grow

Jonah has a loving relationship with his wife of 20 years. Jonah probably has all of these qualities EXCEPT:

a tendency to take negative comments personally.

Which is NOT a feature of anorexia nervosa?

a total obsession with health

To promote realistic self-esteem, one must enhance children's self-efficacy and encourage:

accurate self-perceptions

William is 24 years old. After working in his father's construction business, he held a management position at a Home Depot. After working with some friends who had their own companies, he wants to start his own construction company. In terms of identity statuses, William is MOST likely identity:

achieved

Abstinence-focused sex education programs in the United States:

are not very affective

The optimal child-rearing style in which parents rank high on nurturing and discipline is called _____ parenting.

authoritative

Beatrice is constantly being rejected and feeling unfulfilled. She recognizes that her excessive clinginess and jealousy interferes with her ability to connect. Beatrice has a(n) _____ attachment style

avoidant/dismissive

Jason has had five girlfriends in the past year. Jason's girlfriends say that he is afraid of getting emotionally close and keeps emotional sharing to a minimum. Jason has a(n) _____ adult attachment style.

avoidant/dismissive

Bulimia involves which of the following?

binging and purging

When married parents have children from former unions, their family is called a(n) _____ family.

blended

With regard to puberty, developmentalists recommend:

changing to K-8 schools or having smaller, more intimate schools for preteens

Samantha and Charlie have been living together for the past three years. They are engaged in:

cohabitation

The reliability of a test refers to how:

consistent the scores are when the test is taken multiple times.

Richard likes to manipulate data and organize things. His friends often ask him to help them organize their finances and paperwork for taxes. Richard is considering a career as an accountant, which would fit with Holland's personality type known as:

conventional

Rachel and Geoffrey are new parents. If they are like MOST couples, their marital happiness will _____ after this life change

decrease

Paula's IQ is 114, yet she reads on a third-grade level in seventh grade. Paula MOST likely:

has a learning disability

Farrah is "off time" in her development, which means that she:

has not entered the expected life roles at the normal age for her culture.

If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to:

have a strong sense of self-efficacy.

Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened:

have internalizing tendencies.

Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by normal dieters and people with eating disorders?

having an interest in losing weight

George feels that everyone is out to get him. George has a(n):

hostile attributional bias

All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living:

in traditional two-parent families

According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of

initiative versus guilt

Erikson's adult task, which involves connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship, is called

intimacy

"This test predicts the outcome that the test should measure." This test:

is valid

Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who chose to never have a child. Based on research cited in the text, Marcia is likely to report being _____ her peers who are parents.

just as happy as

This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying.

learned helplessness

A core problem for people with eating disorders is:

low self-efficacy

When five-year-old Carla is punished by her mom, she pretends she is a princess. This is a(n):

normal response since she is using fantasy play to cope with stress.

Both anorexia and bulimia involve which of the following?

obsession with being thin

Jerry is a chemist, and his wife is a secretary at the local university. Their career profile embodies:

occupational segregation

When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots:

often centered on mastering upsetting events.

Less than _____ U.S. families are considered to be traditional, nuclear families.

one-half of

Rhonda's coworker just quit, and her boss is spreading out the responsibilities of the lost position to the remaining workers. Rhonda, already swamped with her own work, is at risk of experiencing role:

overload

Judith Harris proposed that the main force shaping children's behavior is their _____ rather than their parents.

peers

According to John Holland's classic theory, the key to finding career fulfillment is matching one's job to one's

personality

Research suggests that:

personality weighs heavily in whether one is judged attractive

Which of the following has been shown to be the MOST effective strategy for changing children's behavior

positive reinforcement

Gender-segregated play begins during:

preschool and increases in elementary schoo

This type of aggression occurs in response to being hurt, threatened, or deprived

reactive

Teens want more information about _____ in sex education classes.

relationships

Which of the following is NOT a predictor for engaging in intercourse at an early age?

religious affiliation

Stacey has had many labels during her lifetime: she has been a daughter, student, spouse, mother, and grandmother. Developmentalists refer to these labels as

roles

After having dated for two years, Kathryn and James know each other well. They both feel passionate about each other but are not ready to commit to marriage. Sternberg would describe this couple as experiencing _____ love.

romantic

Jeanine just graduated from college and is looking for a job. Jeanine is undergoing the

school-to-work transition

When James describes his wife of 8 years, he radiates pleasure. He says that he is in love with and committed to his wife. He believes that his wife should have her own friends and interests. James' attachment style is:

secure

Gender schema theory suggests that once children understand their gender label they:

selectively attend to the activities of their own sex

High-quality parenting is especially vital with

temperamentally at-risk children.

Twelve-year-old Sam has begun to develop facial hair and acne. His twin sister Stacey is developing underarm hair and acne. What hormone is responsible for these changes?

testosterone for both Sam and Stacey

According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, marriages are happiest when

the couple is honeymooning or has an empty nest

Pick the first sign of puberty in girls

the growth spurt

The Western media-driven culture which promotes the idea that females need be abnormally skinny is referred to as the _____ idea

thin

Fostering school self-efficacy involves praising children for:

working hard

On average, preschool children from low-income families do markedly _____ than their affluent counterparts on tests of _____

worse; reading readiness and math

Pick the factor that does NOT encourage an early "transition to intercourse."

youngest sibling in family