Psych Test 2 Essay Questions

Three-year-old Dimitri frequently takes other children's toys from them, showing little concern for their feelings, even when they cry. When he does this, his mother tells him to "imagine how other kids feel when they lose their toys." Use your understanding of cognitive development to explain Ivan's antisocial behavior. -Why is his mother's comment unlikely to influence his behavior? -How would you encourage Dimitri to stop behaving this way?

-Mothers words don't affect because he's unable to look at scenarios from other people's point of view since his is in the pre-operational stage of cognitive development -If Dmitri's toys are taken away from him then he'll understand how it feel to others when he takes their toys - She should take his toys away when he doesn't behave. Tell him that he can have his things back if he behaves. - He should also be encouraged to play and share his toys with others. He must also be taught the concept of ownership and that it's wrong to take other peoples things.

While walking through a busy city park, Mr. Cruz experiences sharp chest pains. He thinks he is having a heart attack. Describe several things Mr. Cruz should do to increase the chances that someone will come to his aid. Explain the rationale for your advice in light of research on altruism and the decision-making process underlying bystander intervention

He needs to be very vocal about his heart attack so people around him can understand what's going on. He should try to draw as much attention to himself as possible. Should catch the attention of an individual and makes it clear he's in distress. Doing this will cause the individual to realize they're the one that needs to help him. If one person starts paying attention to him and reacting, other people will conform and start reacting as well. He needs to do this because people won't call 911 because they'll assume someone else did. Also, they would probably ignore him because that's what everyone else is doing.

Denial

Pretending the problem/insecurity doesn't exist. Someone might call you out on being stupid because you forgot something important so you tell yourself that didn't happen so you don't feel bad.

Projection

Won't admit their fault so they project their projects on someone else. Example: Someone might be insecure about their weight and then say "I don't know why people let themselves gain weight, it's so bad for your health." To make them feel better.

rationalization

protecting their self esteem by coming up with a reason why their behavior or feelings are unacceptable. Example: A student says they failed a test so they decide it was the teacher's fault for not preparing them. Really, they just didn't study. They're protecting their self esteem by telling themself that they're still smart and it was the teacher's fault.