Psych Unit 7 Chapter 2: Forgetting and Other Memory Problems

Blocking

Forgetting-Accessibility of information is temporarily blocked

Transience

Forgetting-Accessibility of memory decreases over time

Absentmindedness

Forgetting-Forgetting caused by lapses in attention

Persistence

Intrusion- Inability to forget undesirable memories

True or False: Ebbinghaus found that memory for information drops off rapidly and eventually levels off after 30 days. He called this the forgetting curve and his research demonstrated that 80% of what you learn is lost in the first 30 days after learning.

True

Trying not to remeber

We deliberately attempt to keep things out of mind

Inadequate retrieval cues

We lack sufficient reminders

misinformation effect paradigm:

after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event

proactive interference:

old information hinders the recall of newly learned information

Interference

other memories get in the way

reconstruction

process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information

false memory syndrome:

recall of false autobiographical memories

memory construction:

formulation of new memories

retroactive interference:

information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information

amnesia

loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma

anterograde amnesia:

loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma

retrograde amnesia:

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma

Encoding failures

we dont learn the information in the first place

what are the seven sins of memory

1.Transience 2.Absentmindedness 3.Blocking 4.Misattribution 5.Suggestibility 6.Bias 7.Persistence

In the movie "50 First Dates," the main character wakes up each day not remembering the day before or having met her new boyfriend. She suffers from ________ amnesia.

Anterograde Amnesia

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.

Blocking

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

Construction; Reconstruction

Bias

Distortion- Memories distorted by current belief system

Suggestibility

Distortion-False memory

Misattribution

Distortion-Source of memory is confused

The recall of false autobiographical memories is known as

False memory syndrome

Decay

Memories fade over time

Jazmin tells her best friend, Ella, about a time in middle school when she went to the mall and spilled an entire bottle of ketchup onto her lap. Ella is surprised at the story and says, "No, that didn't happen to you---that happened to me! We were there together, remember?" This is an example of when the source of the memory is confused. This is known as

Misattribution

Which of the seven sins of memory occurs when you simply cannot forget a traumatic event?

Persistence

Which of the seven sins of memory occurs if an investigator asks a child leading questions, causing them to make up a memory?

Suggestibility

Compare and contrast the two types of amnesia.

There are two types of amnesia: retrograde and anterograde. Both involve the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma. With anterograde amnesia, you cannot remember new information; however, you can remember information and events that happened prior to your injury. Retrograde amnesia is the exact opposite: you experience loss of memory for events that occurred before the trauma.

Compare and contrast the two types of interference.

There are two types of interference: retroactive and proactive. Both are types of forgetting caused by a failure to retrieve information. With retroactive interference, new information hinders the ability to recall older information. With proactive interference, it's the opposite: old information hinders the recall of newly learned information

Mekayla loved her second grade teacher and remembers it being her favorite year of elementary school. When her niece asks her about her favorite part of second grade, Mekayla has a hard time remembering anything that actually happened during that year. This is an example of

Transience

________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.

egocentric bias