psych unit five: ap classroom

which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions

professor belvedere wants to help her anatomy student memorize the names of different parts of the body. which of the following techniques will best help her students?

asking them questions about the meaning of each word

when gustavo goes through lists of inventory items and thinks about whether each one is a fruit or not, he remembers more of the items on those lists later than when he goes through lists of inventory items and does not think about what each item is. which of the following concepts best explains Gustavo's performance?

elaborative encoding, because engaging in deeper processing improves memory

which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue effect?

emma is telling her friend what she did over summer vacation when she discovers she cannot think of a specific word that she would like to say. she stops telling the story, because she has the distinct feeling that she is about to be able to think of the word if she waits just a moment

according to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves

encoding

in memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the

enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words

when judy is asked how many windows are in her home, she figures out the exact answer by mentally walking through her house and taking a count. this retrieval technique relies most heavily on

imagery

in a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. she asks group a to count the letters in each word, and she asks group b to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. during a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group a. memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in

levels of processing

when studying for a vocabulary test, catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. about twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word's meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. the next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. it is most likely that catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?

long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory

which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?

rehearsal

when lois looks at her wedding pictures, she has vivid memories of the early years of her marriage. the pictures serve as

retrieval cues

after visiting her professor's office, rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. she correctly remembers many details, but she falsely remembers seeing books even though there were no books in the office. additionally, she did not remember seeing a skull that was in the office. which memory concept best explains why Rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?

schemas

an individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena

self-reference effect

dr. roberts conducts a study in which one group of participants counts the number of syllables in each member of a list of twenty words, and the second group creates stories from the same set of words. when later asked to write down as many of the previously seen words as possible, the second group of participants recalls more words than the first group. this study shows the importance of

semantic encoding

to help himself remember the name of his new colleague, hope, jose thinks about the meaning of her name--the feeling of hopefulness. which of the following ceonceptss best corresponds to jose's strategy

semantic encoding

the chart above illustrates which of the following psychological concepts?

serial position effect

studying by focusing on the facts and not the meaning of information that has to be remembered involves

shallow processing

in an experiment, either a sad video or a happy video was shown to participants to influence their moods. the participants were then asked to memorize a list of words. later, the participants were again shown either the same video they had seen before memorizing the words or they were shown the other video, and they were then asked to recall the words they had memorized previously. the results of the experiment, summarized in the chart above, best illustrate which psychological concept?

state-dependent memory

which of the following scenarios involved using cued recall?

steven studies a list of word pairs and is later given the first word of each pair and asked to recall the second word in the pair.

which of the following is the most useful study strategy to help a student retain the words in a vocabulary list?

using each word in a sentence