psych.3

Which area of the brain develops in late adolescence to allow for complex scientific and moral reasoning?

frontal cortex

By what age do children develop an understanding of themselves as being either a boy or a girl?

two

Recent studies have found that fewer than ____ percent of adults experience a "midlife crisis" related to their age or aging.

10

What are the characteristics of high-quality daycare programs?

3-to-1 infant-to-adult ratio

Longitudinal studies of the intellectual abilities of about 5,000 people in the Seattle, Washington, area over the past 50 years conducted by K. Warner Schaie found that general intellectual abilities gradually increase until the early ____ and then remain fairly stable until the mid-60s.

40s

Neo-Piagetian theorists combine the major concepts of the theories of Piaget, information-processing theory, and____ to form their view of cognitive development

Vygotsky

According to your text, what are the safest ages for women to bear children?

about 17 to 35

Identify the process of changing existing schemas to absorb new information.

accommodation

In preindustrialized societies, such as the Sambian people of Papua New Guinea or many African hunter-gatherer tribes, there is little need for ____.

adolescence

Which of the following is not a common symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?

alcohol addiction

Jamilla is 5 years of age. Today her mother made her bed for her while she was at school. When it was time for bed, Jamilla told her mother, "Look, Mommy, the bed is all ready and waiting for me!" Jamilla's belief that an object like a bed could possess feelings or intentions demonstrates

animistic thinking

The only four-legged creatures that Trevor has seen so far in his life have been horses. He sees a pony for the first time and assumes that it is also a horse. Trevor has just engaged in the process of ____.

assimilation

Which of the following statements about attachment style is true?

attachment style usually remains quite stable throughout childhood

Beryl has recently found out that she is suffering from a terminal illness and that she only has a few months to live. Right now, she finds herself continually thinking things like, "God, if you just let me live I promise I will be a better Christian and I will go to church every week for the rest of my life." Kübler-Ross would consider Beryl to be in the stage she calls ____.

bargaining

Tylethia's parents make few demands on her and generally let her have her way. She probably has ____ parents.

permissive

During the first few months of infancy, which area of the brain, responsible for sucking and swallowing, is most developed?

cerebellum

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, if children master the knowledge and skills necessary for adult life, they develop a sense of ____.

competence

Cultures with a collectivist orientation tend to value ____

conformity

Which of the following principles of conservation tends to be understood last by children?

conservation of area

According to the research of Harlow and Zimmerman, ________ is an essential component of attachment between a child and his/her primary caregiver.

contact comfort

During old age, the most neural loss occurs in the association areas of which part of the brain?

cortex

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, what is the correct sequence of the stages of grieving one's death?

denial; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance

Your new baby cousin tends to react negatively to new situations and has irregular schedules of sleeping and eating. She is displaying a ____ temperament and will most likely develop a ____ attachment style.

difficult; insecure

Gender monitoring is at its height during which developmental period?

early childhood

Piaget's famous three-mountains problem demonstrated ____ in ____ children.

egocentrism; preoperational

According to Erikson, those who do not establish an intimate relationship with another person during young adulthood will be left with a sense of _____.

emotional isolation

On which part of the life does Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focus?

entire life span

Menopause, which is the ending of menstruation in women, usually involves a significant decline in their production of ________.

estrogen

Research into the moral development theory of Lawrence Kohlberg has found that the postconventional level of moral development is typically reached only by people raised in ____ cultures.

individualist

Etti is six years old and getting ready to enter first grade. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage is Etti most likely entering into to attempt to gain skills necessary for adult life?

industry versus inferiority

In which psychosocial stage do we ask ourselves, "Did my life have meaning?"

integrity versus despair

Which of the following is true of stranger anxiety?

it is displayed when approached by an unfamiliar person; it develops in children at about six to seven months of age; it usually subsides during the second year

Which of the following is a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

it is not equipped to explain the development of moral reasoning in collectivist societies

Which of the following is not true of stranger anxiety?

it is unique to Western culture

Which of the following is a common symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?

mental retardation; heart problems; motor deficits

The awareness and understanding of your own thinking is referred to as ____.

metacognition

Which of the following statements about parenting style, temperament, and attachment is true?

most studies suggest that parental responsiveness has a greater impact than a child's temperament on the quality of attachment

The fetal stage takes place during which period of prenatal development?

ninth through last weeks

Due to bone compression in the spinal column and changes in posture most people will shrink by about ____ by the age of 70.

one to two inches

Of the following cognitive skills, which is the only ability that declines between age 25 and the early 40s?

perceptual speed

Seventeen-year-old Barry has recently broken up with by his boyfriend Marcel. He is in a lot of pain, and is absolutely sure that nobody has ever suffered the way he is suffering. He also thinks that nobody could possibly understand his pain. Barry's thinking illustrates the concept of ____.

personal fable

At a birthday party at a local restaurant that has games and toys for kids, 3-year-old Marcie pushes her classmate Laurie out of her way as she is running to her favorite game. Laurie wants to go push Marcie back, but thinks, "If Daddy sees me push her, I'll get a time-out." As a result, she doesn't get back at Marcie. Laurie is most likely at Kohlberg's ____ level of moral development.

preconventional

In which of Piaget's stages do children begin to engage in pretend play?

preoperational stage

One's penis and testicles or vagina and uterus are referred to as ____ sex characteristics.

primary

____ reflexes are believed to be holdovers from our evolutionary history that have outlived their usefulness.

primitive

In Piaget's theory, what is assimilation?

process of absorbing new information into existing schemas

The health-care system's emphasis on diagnosing and curing illnesses often results in medical professionals largely neglecting the ____ and ____ needs of dying persons.

psychological; spiritual

The most serious criticism of Piaget's theory is that cognitive development does not occur in the ____ that Piaget proposed, but rather ____.

qualitively distinct stages; in a gradual, continuous way

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, an organized cluster of knowledge that people use to understand and interpret information is referred to as ____.

schema

The growth of facial hair, which is an example of nonproductive physical features, is aNo ____ sex characteristic.

secondary

Dion is a popular, independent, socially skilled 10-year-old. At one year of age, he probably had a ____ attachment style.

secure

Researchers put rouge on babies' faces and place them in front of a mirror to demonstrate the development of ____.

self-awareness

Which of the following statements regarding the sensory abilities of babies is true?

sense of touch is functional well before birth; at birth, infants have the ability to both taste and smell; newborns are particularly attentive to facial features

Development of self-concept is a product of a larger social psychological process known as ____.

socialization

Children growing up in nomadic societies develop ____ earlier and ____ later than children growing up in Western cultures, signifying the relevance of social and environmental factors.

spatial abilities; an understanding of the conservation of numbers

You enter the room where your three-month-old nephew, Jamie, is lying in his crib, and the wind abruptly slams the door behind you. In response, Jamie immediately arches his back and throws his arms out. He is demonstrating ____ reflex.

the Moro

Which of the following statements regarding the sensory abilities of babies is not true?

the fetus can hear but cannot recognize sounds during the final two months of pregnancy

What accounts for the relatively large weight gain in the human brain from birth to four years of age?

the growth of new dendrites that increase the connections between neurons

Many people believe that children who go to daycare while their parents work will develop problems with their relationship with their parents. Which of the following is true about children in high quality daycare facilities according to the research in that field?

they are no less securely attached to their parents as those cared for primarily by their parents

What does most research on gender differences in moral reasoning indicate about women and men when making moral judgments?

they consider both justice and caring values

Why do mothers often have insecurely attached babies?

they refuse to console their baby when it is crying

What does an individual begin to be able to do in the formal operational stage?

utilize abstract thinking as part of their cognitive skills

The cognitive range between what a child can do on its own and what the child can do with the help of adults is defined by which of Vygotsky's terms?

zone of proximal development