psych460-exam4
A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from: A)avoidant personality disorder. B)schizoid personality disorder. C)paranoid personality disorder. D)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
B)schizoid personality disorder.
purging-type bulimia nervosa
Forced vomiting, misusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
The cessation of menstruation common to women with anorexia is known as _____.
amenorrhea
Purging Type of Anorexia Nervosa
binge eating, then forced vomiting, laxatives, etc to get rid of food eaten
Impulsive behaviors and swinging in and out of depressed, anxious, and irritable states are characteristic of _____ personality disorder.
borderline
Kidney disease and heart problems are possible medical complications of long-term _____.
bulimia nervosa
If two disorders tend to occur together, we call the relationship _____.
comorbid
Dependent PD
excessive need to be taken care of, clingy, reliance on others, lonely, etc
In the therapy approach called ______, a therapist exposes a patient with bulimia to a binge-inducing stimulus and then prevents binge eating.
exposure and response prevention
Histrionic PD
extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention
nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa
fasting, exercising frantically
Narcissistic PD
inflated sense of self importance, need for admiration, lack of empathy, arrogent, etc
The emphasis of _____ on female thinness helps create a strong predisposition toward eating disorders.
society
The persistent and consistent personality characteristics that lead us to react in fairly predictable ways are often called personality _____.
traits
restricting type of anorexia nervosa
type of anorexia nervosa in which weight gain is prevented by refusal to eat
personality
unique and longterm pattern of inner experience and outward behavior
Avoidant PD
very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations, overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to negative evaluation
The weight to which a person's body naturally returns after a diet is known as his or her _____.
weight set point
People with _____ personality disorder distrust the motives of others.
paranoid
odd personality disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
binge eating disorder
pattern of binge eating with no compensatory behaviors (i.e. forced vomiting)
A pattern of inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair social or occupational functioning and cause intense distress are indicative of _____.
personality disorders
bulimia and anorexia differences
-relational preferences -sexual experience -medical complications -frustration tolerance/coping -comorbid personality disorder
A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: A)histrionic. B)borderline. C)antisocial. D)obsessive-compulsive.
A)histrionic.
If you believe that personality disorders are BEST understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with: A)the dimensional approach. B)the categorical approach. C)the symptomatic approach. D)the cluster approach.
A)the dimensional approach.
The ritualistic behaviors surrounding food that are characteristic of anorexia nervosa are similar to _____.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive PD
perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation with rules
schizoid PD
persistent avoidance of social relationships and limited emotional expression
Antisocial PD
persistent disregard for and violation of others' rights -prone to lying -can be cruel -lack of empathy and guilt
Marcel has a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. He may be demonstrating _____ personality disorder.
histrionic
A person who was overly indulged by his or her parents, received excessive, unconditional parental valuation, and was not required to follow rules or develop self-control is at risk for developing _____ personality disorder.
narcissistic
How successful is treatment for anorexia? What can be anticipated about the long-term adjustment, both physically and psychologically, of one who has had anorexia?
-About 85 percent of people report that they continue to see treatment gains even years from their initial recovery. The death rate from anorexia appears to be falling due to early diagnosis and increased awareness, and even medical issues often improve after weight begins to increase. Most females in recovery from anorexia regain menstruation once weight is restored. -Unfortunately, research shows that as many as 25 percent of individuals with anorexia will remain troubled for years.
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A)They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B)They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C)They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D)They are caused by epigenetic processes.
A) they lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors
An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which personality disorder? A)borderline B)schizotypal C)obsessive-compulsive D)avoidant
A)borderline
Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed? A)"odd" B)"dramatic" C)"anxious" D)"strange"
B)"dramatic"
If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of: A)paranoid personality disorder. B)borderline personality disorder. C)dependent personality disorder. D)narcissistic personality disorder.
C)dependent personality disorder.
The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A)disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present. B)the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. C)they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. D)they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.
C)they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.
Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders? A)odd B)dramatic C)anxious D)schizophrenic
D)schizophrenic
cognitive factors of eating disorders
Perfectionism Low self-esteem Valuing others' opinions (example: "If I weigh more than 100 pounds, no one will love me.")
Dialectical behavior therapy (dbt)
Promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.
_____ is a therapy program conducted in a hospital ward. It emphasizes educating patients with anorexia, encouraging them, and providing a structured program for weight gain.
Supportive nursing care
dramatic personality disorders
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Social phobias may be related to _____ personality disorder.
avoidant
anxious personality disorders
avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
Many clinicians favor moving from a categorical to a(n) _____ approach for diagnosis; this could be a possible change in the next edition of DSM.
dimensional
An emaciated woman who perceives herself as too fat illustrates _____.
distorted thinking
Borderline PD
major shifts in mood, unstable self-image, impulsivity, prone to anger, etc.
The characteristic of perfectionism and a striving for control are associated with _____ personality disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
odd, dramatic, and anxious
bulimia and anorexia similarities
-begin after period of dieting -fear of becoming obese -preoccupation with food, weight, appearance -more likely to have anxiety and/or depression -risk of suicide -distorted body perceptions
schizotypal PD
-characterized by a range of interpersonal problems -discomfort in close relationships -odd ways of thinking
paranoid PD
-distrust and suspicion of others -cold & distant -highly critical -blames others
Some people think that society has become obsessed with thinness recently. Discuss three different types of societal pressure that could be used to support this claim.
1. athletes and famous people feel like they are held to a higher standard. People are watching them 2. those who spend more time on social media have more of a negative body image of themselves 3. being obese
Which statement is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? A)You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. B)Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive- compulsive disorder. C)The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder. D)The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the time.
B)Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive- compulsive disorder.
DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a: A)systematical approach. B)categorical approach. C)dimensional approach. D)phrenological approach.
B)categorical approach.
"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be: A)histrionic personality disorder. B)narcissistic personality disorder. C)antisocial personality disorder. D)impulse-control personality disorder.
B)narcissistic personality disorder.
A friend asks your advice about the MOST effective therapy to use for treating borderline personality disorder. Your BEST answer is: A)"There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder. B)"If you're going to use a psychodynamic approach, avoid relational therapy. C)"Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder." D)"Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective."
D)"Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective."
Which statement regarding the treatment of paranoid personality disorder is accurate? A)Drug therapy generally works best. B)Psychodynamic therapy involving hypnotic regression is often effective. C)Behavioral therapy usually works well, and in relatively few sessions. D)Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.
D)Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.
The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are: A)depression and withdrawal. B)schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. C)mental retardation. D)conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D)conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of: A)anxiety and fearfulness. B)being highly dramatic, emotional, or erratic. C)inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality. D)extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.
D)extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.
The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely _____ personality disorder. A)cognitive B)biological C)behavioral D)psychodynamic
D)psychodynamic
Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: A)schizoid personality disorder. B)avoidant personality disorder. C)paranoid personality disorder. D)schizotypal personality disorder.
D)schizotypal personality disorder.
Which does dialectical behavior therapy NOT emphasize? A)social skills training B)mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's emotions) C)the client-therapist relationship D)the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting
D)the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting
_____ medication has been shown to be particularly effective with bulimia nervosa.
antidepressant
Lev has a lifelong history of misconduct, including vandalism, fighting, and a disregard for other people's rights. He fits the description of someone with _____ personality disorder.
antisocial
A growing number of personality theorists believe that personality disorders differ more in _____ than in _____ of dysfunction.
degree; type
Willa cannot do anything on her own and consults others, even on the smallest decision. She is constantly in need of praise to validate her work and is overly sensitive to any disagreement. She will do almost anything to please others. She may be experiencing _____ personality disorder.
dependent
Anorexia nervosa that is characterized exclusively by controlling the intake of food is called _____ anorexia nervosa.
restricting-type
Individuals who are detached and reclusive, with no interest in developing relationships, may experience _____ personality disorder.
schizoid
John experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely, John has _____ personality disorder.
schizotypal
