Psycholofical Testing Chapter One

What year was the Binet-Simon scale revised and what was it renamed?

1916; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

When and where was civil service testing formalized?

4000 years ago in China

What is the element for standard conition?

examiner's manual

What are the six types of tests?

individual tests, group tests, human ability, personality tests, standarized tets and nonstandarized tests

Human ability tests includes?

intellectual ability tests, aptitude tests and achievemnet tests

Before psychology was practiced as a science, what models were developed?

mathematical models of the mind

Overt behavior is an individual's _____ activity

observable

The earliest personality tests were structured how?

paper-and-pencil group tests.

What is the element for sample of behavior?

protocol

Army Alpha required what?

reading ability

What are the benefits of computer-based testing?

reduced costs, immediate scoring and reporting, test administration efficiency and flexibility, reduction of scoring errors, greater test security and ability to include multimedia in testing

What are traits?

relatively enduring dispositions that distinguish one individual from another.

The Binet-Simon Scale (1905) was under ___ conditions and a ____ sample.

standard; standarization

What are the two types of personaility tests?

structured and projective

What is the main use of psychological testing?

to evaluate individual differences or variations among individuals.

Psychological testing refers to all the possible ___, ____, and ____ concepts of psychological tests and educational tests.

uses, applications and underlying

What are the two types of validity?

validity for measurement and validity for decison

Who develped the first major general intelligence test?

Alfred Binet and T. Simon

What type of test refers to the potential for learning or acquiring a specific skill?

Aptitude Test

What is the named of the two group test developed for testing in WWI?

Army Beta and Army Alpha

What was the name of the the first version of Binet's Intelligence test?

Binet-Simon Scale (1905)

From the seminar at the Carnegie Institute in 1919 what two tests were made?

Carnegie Interest Inventory and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank

An important step toward understanding individual differences came with the publication of whose highly influential book?

Charles Darwin's book The Origin of Species in 1859.

What was the first field of psychological testing?

Clinical Psychology

Which type of behavior takes place within an indivdual and cannot be directly observed

Covert behaviors

What was Charles Darwin's theory?

Different species develop traits that are adaptive for their survival.

What question does validity for measurement (meaning) asks?

Does the test measure what it purports to measure?

When were test batteries used?

During the Han Dynasty (206-220 B.C.E)

Psychological Tests are also called

Educational Tests

What type of test can be admistered to more than one person at the same time?

Group Tests

What was the name of Sir Francis Galton book?

Hereditary Genius published in 1869

What type of test can be given to only one person at a time?

Individual Tests

The most basic concept underlying psychological and educational testing pertains to what?

Individual differences

Tests are specifically designed to measure what two things?

Individual differences in ability and personality among people.

What type of test measures potential to solve problems, adapt to changing circumstances and profit from experiences?

Intelligence Tests

What is the application for psychological testing?

Interview

What question does validity for decision (usefulness) ask?

Is this test useful in making decisions?

What was the name of the psychologist who led to the development of modern tests?

James McKeen Cattell

What was the MMPI revised to and what year?

MMPI-2 in 1989

What did the Binet-Simon scale examine?

Mental age and compared it to chronological age.

What is the most widely researched and used personality test in the world ?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test (MMPI, 1943)

What is the definition of test batteries?

Multiple tests used to assess the same issue

What type of test is without proven reliability and validity?

Nonstandarized Tests

What is the defintionof a represenation sample?

One that comprises individuals similar to those for whom the test is to be used.

Which personality test provides an ambiguous test stimulus; response requirements are unclear?

Projective Test

What measure human characteristics that pertain to behaviors?

Psychological Tests

What measures overt and covert behaviors

Psychological Tests

What refers to the accuracy, dependability, consistency, or repeatability of test results?

Reliability

What are the two principles or fundamental concepts of psychological testing?

Reliabilty and Validity

What are the three characteristics of psychological testing?

Sample of behavior, standard condition and scoring rules

What relate raw scores on test items to some defined theoretical or empirical distrubution?

Scales

What was the name of test developed in an effort to educate and evaluate the mentally disabled?

Seguin Form Board Test

Which relative of Darwin applied Darwin's theories to the study of human beings?

Sir Francis Galton

In World War I what were tests used to determine?

Skills and abilities for military service

What type of test has proven reliability and validity?

Standardized Tests

Which personality test provides a self-report statement to which the person responds "True" or "False," or "Yes" or "No"?

Structured (objective) Test

What is the element for scoring rules?

Technical manual or examiners manual

What are the three ways that we view psychological testing?

Technical, controversial, and important

What is a measurement device or technique used to quatify behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior?

Test

What are the 5 particpants in the testing process?

Test Developers, Publishers, Users, Takers and Reviewers

What is a specfic stimulus to which a person repsonds overtly?

Test Items

What is the most volatile issue in the field of psychological testing?

Test bias

Which test assess what a person can do?

Test of performance

What are the three categories of tests?

Test of performance, behavior observation and self report

What did Sir Francis Galton argue?

That some people have traits that make them more fit than others

What was the name of the institute that G. Whipple conducted his seminar?

The Carnegie Institute in 1919

What is the name of the person given the test?

The examiner or test administrator

Army Beta measured what?

The intelligence of illiterate adults.

Factor analysis technique seeks what?

The minimum number of factors, or dimensions, that can be used to describe a data set.

True or False: A Test measure only a sample of behavior

True

True or False: Items are the specific questions or problems that make up a test

True

Who coined the term mental test?

U.S. psychologist James Mckeen Cattell

What refers to the meaning and usefulness of test results?

Validity

What was the name of the first personality test and when was it developed?

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet developed during WWI

Tesing was first used in China to help determine what?

Work evaluations and promotion decisions.

Who is the founder of modern psychology?

Wundt

What is the definition of an interview?

a method of gathering information through verbal interaction,such as direct questions.

What type of test refers to previous learning?

Achievement Test