Psychology 001 Chapter 1 - 3
What does IRB stand for?
Institutional Review Board
Longitudinal
Studies in which the same group of individuals are surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time.
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.
biopsychologist
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
developmental psychology
What are the three main parts of the brain?
forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
substantia nigra
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement
naturalistic observation
observing behavior in its natural setting
Archival
research that uses past records or data sets to investigation research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.
Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.
somatic
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the __________.
spinal cord
The _________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
The space between two neurons is called the _________.
synapse
developmental psychology focuses on studying ________.
the development across a lifespan: changes in; cognitive skills, normal reasoning, social behavior, and other psychological attributes.
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research ?
Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure.
Forensic psychology focuses on studying __________.
Or assessing a persons competency to stand trial, assess the state of mind of a defendant, act as consultants on a child custody cases, consult on sentencing and treatment recommendations, and advise on issues such as eyewitness testimony and children's testimony.
What is the difference between a PHD and PSYD and MD
PHS and Psy.D are psychologists (not licensed to prescribe drugs in most states). MD are psychiatrists (can prescribe drugs).
Broca's area
Region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production.
illusory correlation
(false correlation) occur when people believe that relationships exist between two things when no such relationship exists.
What does it mean to have high/low reliability and validity ?
- consistency and reproducibility of a given result - accuracy of a given result in measuring what it is destined to measure *A —————-, consistent measurement does not always mean that it is measuring something correctly*
What are the different components of a good hypothesis.
A definition of the problem, a proposed solution, and a result. A good hypothesis relates an independent variable and a dependent variable. Can be tested using the scientific method. Can be used as a basis for an experiment
Glutamate
A major excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by nerve cells in the brain; involved in memory and learning
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
Acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Humanism focuses on ?
A perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
Fact
A statement that can be proved. A thing that is known or proved to be true.
Survey
A study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and act.
Hypothalamus
Forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system
Conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident. What lobe of the brain was damaged ?
Frontal lobe
health psychology focuses on studying _________.
How health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
________ an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.
Jane Goodall
Does correlation mean causation?
No, correlation does not necessarily imply cause and effect (causation).
On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicate ___________. (weak, strong, no correlation) you should know the difference between a weak and strong correlation.
Weak correlation OR negative correlation
negative correlation means ___________.
When one variable increases as the other decreases (ex- stress and health)
The possible range for a correlation coefficient is __________.
a # between +1.00 and -1.00 that expresses the strength of a relationship(s) between variables
case study
a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Expirement
a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. Allows researcher to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and __________.
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to our experiences and our actions.
A major advantage of case studies is ________.
detailed information
social psychology focuses on studying _________.
how we interact with and relate to others
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
interaction of biological, psychological, and social(cultural) factors
The _________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.
parasympathetic
__________ are subjects of psychological research.
participants
Opinion
personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate
When referring to the essence of life, Aristotle used the term ______ translated from the Greek, meaning mind/soul.
psyche
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the _______ include food, water, and shelter.
psychological needs/ basic needs
cross-sectional
research that compares multiple segments of a population at a single time (such as different age groups).
___________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.
rodents (rats?)
Thalamus
sensory relay for the brain
What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results ?
small sample size
psychoanalytic theory focuses on _______ and early childhood experiences. What is psychoanalysis.
the role of a person's unconscious. A method that involves the patient talking about their experiences and selves.
Psychology refers to the ________.
the scientific investigation/ study of mind and behavior
A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).
two
