psychology 111 ch. 5

sleep apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens the sleeper and disrupts sleep.

dissociation

A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.

tolerance

A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug.

rem sleep

A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming.

EEG

A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.

EOG

A device that records eye movements.

EMG

A device that records muscular activity and tension.

EKG

A device that records the contractions of the heart.

narcolepsy

A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods.

hallucinogens

A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.

meditation

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way.

hypnosis

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

alcohol

A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol.

latent content

According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream.

manifest content

According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level.

somnambulism

Arising and walking about while remaining asleep; sleepwalking.

psychoactive drugs

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

insomnia

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep.

narcotics

Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.

stimulants

Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

consciousness

One's awareness of internal and external stimuli.

biological rhythms

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.

non rem sleep

Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity.

slow-wave sleep

Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.

sedatives

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.

circadian rhythms

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.

psychological dependence

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.

physical dependence

The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.

neurogenesis

The formation of new neurons. Neurons Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information.

cannabis

The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.