Psychology 201 - Chapter 6
Mr. Rupp's memory has always been spectacular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details is known as
eidetic memory
In the context of organization in long-term memory a(n) _____ is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features.
hierarchy
The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of _____ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second
iconic
Knowing how to play a piano without much conscious effort illustrates _____ memory
implicit
How to perform different skills and actions is a component of
implicit memory
In the context of memory and forgetting, one of the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that
infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize or classify events
Explicit memory is
information that can be clearly stated
Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?
it is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive"
Brown and McNeill's experiment on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon revealed that
memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues
When Angelica studies for her college classes she actively thinks about the new information, thinks about its applications, and tries to generate her own examples based on her experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Angelica is
processing the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory
Because of her poor health, your Aunt B had to take a lot of medication. She usually does a good job remembering to take it, but sometimes forgets to do so. This forgetting is a failure of what type of memory?
prospective memory
Essay tests are examples of
recall
After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went in to the bank, Lucas got to the point that she no longer could recall any more information. At that point, Lucas was most likely experiencing
retrieval cue failure
Carole walked into a Moroccan restaurant and was surprised that she did not see any utensils. Her surprise stems from the fact that she has never eaten without utensils before. This is an example of a(n)
schema
If the _____ is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories
thalamus
The critical factor in state-dependent retrieval is the influence of
the person's mood at the time a memory is encoded and retrieved
Although Crystal had practiced her presentation several times before class, she struggled in the middle part of the speech when she gave it in class. This pattern of forgetting illustrates
the serial-position effect
In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?
whether the words in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed)
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to
determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory
_____ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma
dissociative amnesia