Psychology 203 Quiz 2

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87. (p. 73) What is the BEST way to keep the infant from being infected if the mother is found to have active genital herpes before the child is born? A. A cesarean section should be performed. B. Antibiotics should be administered for a minimum of 6 hours before delivery. C. Antibiotics should be administered daily to the fetus until the day of delivery. D. Nothing can be done, because the fetus would have already contracted the disease before delivery.

A. A cesarean section should be performed.

31. (p. 57) _____ is a genetic disorder that occurs less often to children with mothers who are 16 to 34 years old. A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A. Down syndrome

77. (p. 69-70) Which of the following statements about teratogens is NOT true? A. Female fetuses are far more likely to be affected by teratogens than male fetuses. B. The greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect. C. Differences in placental membranes can affect a fetus' exposure to a teratogen. D. The time of exposure to a teratogen impacts the type and degree of damage to the fetus.

A. Female fetuses are far more likely to be affected by teratogens than male fetuses.

18. (p. 54) _____ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm. A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. Reproduction D. Fertilization

A. Meiosis

39. (p. 60) Dr. Santos designs studies to examine the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. Her field of study is in A. behavior genetics. B. evolutionary genetics. C. evolutionary psychology. D. developmental genetics.

A. behavior genetics.

28. (p. 56) Melinda and Joseph both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. This shows that A. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. B. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. C. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes. D. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.

A. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes

98. (p. 78) During which stage of childbirth does the cervix dilate? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth

A. first

53. (p. 62-63) The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive. This means A. genes alone cannot account for development, because they can only influence behavioral characteristics in specific environmental contexts. B. some characteristics are solely due to heredity and others to environmental conditions. C. certain characteristics are more linked to heredity and others to environmental conditions. D. that the person we become is due to X percent nature and X percent nurture.

A. genes alone cannot account for development, because they can only influence behavioral characteristics in specific environmental contexts.

14. (p. 53) In his book The Dependent Gene, David Moore reports that A. genes are collaborative. B. genes act independently. C. genes have a one-to-one correspondence with proteins. D. the expression of genes is not affected by environmental conditions.

A. genes are collaborative.

56. (p. 65) Which of the following is the prenatal development period that takes place during the first 2 weeks after conception, includes the creation of a zygote, and ends with attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

A. germinal

42. (p. 60) An individual's genes may influence the type of environment he/she is exposed to. This is called a(n) A. heredity-environment correlation. B. passive genotype-environment correlations. C. active genotype-environment correlations. D. evocative genotype-environment correlations.

A. heredity-environment correlation.

51. (p. 62) More similarities are seen among twins than among siblings who are different ages, because twins may have A. more shared environmental influences. B. more non-shared environmental influences. C. fewer shared environmental influences. D. identical shared environmental and hereditary influences.

A. more shared environmental influences.

72. (p. 67) Which of the following involves the process of cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations in the brain? A. neuronal migration B. neurogenesis C. neural connectivity D. organogenesis

A. neuronal migration

101. (p. 79) Which of the following is NOT a method that the natural childbirth method uses during labor and delivery? A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain B. relaxation techniques C. Lamaze breathing D. education about anatomy and physiology

A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain

43. (p. 60) Katrina played basketball in high school and in college. She recently enrolled her son in a junior basketball league. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation for Katrina's son? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking

A. passive

49. (p. 62) Which of the following is a genotype-environment interaction that plays a smaller role in development as children grow older? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking

A. passive

8. (p. 50-51) Baltes holds that natural selection operates A. primarily during the first half of life. B. primarily during late adulthood. C. through the end of the adolescent period. D. through the end of late childhood.

A. primarily during the first half of life.

2. (p. 49) Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to _____ and _____. A. survive; reproduce B. find food; hide C. survive change; adapt D. change; adapt

A. survive; reproduce

60. (p. 65) When baby Juanita was born, she had problems with her eyes, ears, and nose. MOST likely, Juanita's problems came from defects in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers.

A. the ectoderm.

67. (p. 66) What is approximately the earliest point that a fetus can survive outside the womb? A. 5 months B. 6 months C. 7 months D. 8 months

B. 6 months

5. (p. 49-50) Which of the following statements describes the main idea of David Buss' theory? A. It is not useful to compare human social behavior with social behavior in other species. B. Evolutionary processes can influence behavior as well as physical features. C. Behavior is determined by the environmental consequences it brings about. D. Development proceeds in a series of stages.

B. Evolutionary processes can influence behavior as well as physical features.

33. (p. 57) _____ syndrome causes males to have undeveloped testes, enlarged breasts, and tallness. Boys with this chromosomal disorder often have language, academic, attentional, and motor impairments. A. Down B. Klinefelter C. Turner D. Fragile X

B. Klinefelter

97. (p. 76-77) Which of the following outcomes of prenatal education is of the MOST value for pregnant women living in poverty? A. Participants receive coupons for free goods and services. B. These women can be linked to other valuable social services. C. Classes encourage these mothers to bottle-feed so they can maintain employment. D. Participants are offered free postpartum birth control.

B. These women can be linked to other valuable social services.

62. (p. 65) The doctor tells Sharice and Jayden that their unborn baby is having problems because of a drastic change in temperature. The _____ has failed to perform its protective function. A. umbilical cord B. amnion C. placenta D. trophoblast

B. amnion

58. (p. 65) During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes take place? Eyes appear, four chambers of the heart take shape, spinal cord begins to form, and the intestinal tract develops. A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

B. embryonic

45. (p. 61) Hannah is an "easy" child. She rarely cries and is cooperative and pleasant. As a result, she receives much attention and nurturing. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking

B. evocative

68. (p. 66) Sidney is expecting her first child and recently began to feel kicking movements. Sidney is MOST likely in the _____ month of her pregnancy. A. second B. fourth C. sixth D. seventh

B. fourth

22. (p. 55) All of a person's genetic material makes up the _____, whereas the _____ consists of only observable characteristics. A. phenotype; genotype B. genotype; phenotype C. dominant genes; recessive genes D. recessive genes; dominant genes

B. genotype; phenotype

55. (p. 65) During which prenatal development period does differentiation of cells take place? A. embryonic B. germinal C. fetal D. fertilization

B. germinal

17. (p. 54) In a human body, all cells except the sperm and egg reproduce by a process called A. meiosis. B. mitosis. C. fertilization. D. zygote.

B. mitosis.

21. (p. 54) In _____, the number of cells doubles, whereas in _____, the number of chromosomes in each resulting cell is halved. A. meiosis; mitosis B. mitosis; meiosis C. genotype; phenotype D. phenotype; genotype

B. mitosis; meiosis

3. (p. 49) Evolutionary psychology holds that A. natural selection does not ring true for personality characteristics. B. natural selection favors certain behaviors as well as physical characteristics. C. biological evolution explains why humans live well beyond child-bearing years. D. only physical development is stage-like in process.

B. natural selection favors certain behaviors as well as physical characteristics.

9. (p. 50-51) According to Baltes, older adults have an increased A. generativity. B. need for culture-based resources. C. benefits of evolutionary selection. D. developmental plasticity.

B. need for culture-based resources.

80. (p. 71) Psychoactive drugs affect the _____ system. A. endocrine B. nervous C. respiratory D. digestive

B. nervous

69. (p. 66) Which of the following would handle information processing at the cellular level? A. anencephaly B. neurons C. spina bifida D. neural tubes

B. neurons

50. (p. 62) Louis has accepted a scholarship opportunity to study art in Europe for a semester. His twin sister will continue her schooling at a local university. Their experiences are examples of A. shared environmental experiences. B. nonshared environmental experiences. C. genotype-environment interaction. D. epigenetic view.

B. nonshared environmental experiences.

41. (p. 60) Brent is an athlete who loves to play catch or shoot baskets with his son Todd. Todd is quickly developing the same affinity for sports. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking

B. passive

23. (p. 55) Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes.

B. phenotype.

24. (p. 55) You notice that Lou's eyes are a unique shade of green. You have observed his: A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes.

B. phenotype.

99. (p. 78) During which stage of childbirth is the fetus expelled from the womb? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth

B. second

78. (p. 70) Exposure to teratogens after organogenesis is complete may most likely result in A. severe anatomic defects. B. stunted growth. C. severe Down syndrome. D. severe defects in the internal organs.

B. stunted growth

81. (p. 71) Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Compared to the baby of a nonsmoker, her baby is MORE likely to suffer from which of the following? A. facial and limb deformities B. sudden infant death syndrome C. cleft palate D. tremors and increased general irritability

B. sudden infant death syndrome

61. (p. 65) Baby Weston's digestive system did not fully develop and does not function properly. This problem likely arose from a defect in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers.

B. the endoderm.

6. (p. 54) Which of the following has 23 unpaired chromosomes? A. zygotes B. the sperm and egg C. mitosis D. chromosome

B. the sperm and egg

20. (p. 54) Fertilization results in the formation of a(n) A. egg. B. zygote. C. gamete. D. sperm.

B. zygote.

19. (p. 54) How many chromosomes does an egg or a sperm have? A. 46 B. 24 C. 23 D. 48

C. 23

7. (p. 50) Which of the following statements is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists? A. Evolved characteristics are not always adaptive in contemporary society. B. Some evolved characteristics could be the cause of problems in contemporary society. C. All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society. D. An extended childhood period may be the result of evolution.

C. All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society.

11. (p. 52) Which of the following is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information? A. chromosome B. genotype C. DNA D. gene

C. DNA

54. (p. 63) What do MOST developmentalists today believe about the contributions of both heredity and the environment to development? A. Heredity plays the dominant role in development. B. Environment plays the dominant role in development. C. Heredity and environment interact to produce development. D. Some aspects in development are determined by heredity, and some others by environment.

C. Heredity and environment interact to produce development.

32. (p. 57) Both _____ are genetic disorders caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. A. Down syndrome and Turner syndrome B. Turner syndrome and sickle-cell anemia C. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and XYY syndrome

C. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome

57. (p. 65) When does the zygote implant in the lining of the mother's uterus? A. immediately after conception B. within 2 days after conception C. about 10 to 14 days after conception D. at the end of the embryonic period

C. about 10 to 14 days after conception

47. (p. 61-62) Elise has enrolled in a parenting program aimed at teaching parents to recognize and support a child's natural abilities and chosen activities. Which type of genotype-environment interaction will she learn to encourage? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. suggestive

C. active

65. (p. 65) Iyanla, who is pregnant, is concerned that the bacteria from her ear infection may pass to her unborn baby. She does not need to worry because A. although the bacteria will pass to the fetus, supercharged white blood cells in the umbilical cord will successfully destroy the infection. B. the bacteria will be destroyed by the amniotic fluid. C. bacteria are large molecules and will be filtered out by the placenta and not reach the fetus. D. the baby's sinuses are filled with amniotic fluid and are immune to sinus bacteria.

C. bacteria are large molecules and will be filtered out by the placenta and not reach the fetus.

40. (p. 60) Behavior genetics mostly uses which of the following research methods? A. twin studies B. adoption studies C. both twin studies and adoption studies D. neither twin studies nor adoption studies

C. both twin studies and adoption studies

90. (p. 73-74) The nutritional status of the fetus during pregnancy is determined A. only by the amount of the mother's protein intake. B. only by the mother's calorie intake. C. by the mother's intake of protein, vitamins, minerals, and total calories. D. by the function of the fetus' digestive system.

C. by the mother's intake of protein, vitamins, minerals, and total calories.

83. (p. 71) If the mother normally drinks alcohol, the BEST way to prevent negative effects on the fetus is to A. drink only beer during the pregnancy. B. maintain good nutrition during the pregnancy. C. completely abstain from drinking during the entire pregnancy. D. drink only wine during the pregnancy.

C. completely abstain from drinking during the entire pregnancy

25. (p. 56) Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the effect of a second gene? A. polygenic inheritance B. sex-linked genes C. dominant-recessive genes D. genetic imprinting

C. dominant-recessive genes

76. (p. 70) During which prenatal developmental period is the probability of a structural defect the greatest? A. implantation B. germinal C. embryonic D. fetal

C. embryonic

10. (p. 51) A bidirectional view of evolutionism suggests that A. social behavior is a product of evolved biology. B. evolved biology is a product of social behavior. C. environmental and biological conditions influence each other. D. evolution dictates social behavior.

C. environmental and biological conditions influence each other.

44. (p. 61) Kylie is friendly and outgoing. Because of this, people treat her well and often seem drawn to her. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking

C. evocative

66. (p. 66) During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes—rapid weight gain; active movement of arms and legs; face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin becoming distinguishable—take place? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

C. fetal

38. (p. 60) Behavior genetics is the field of study that seeks to discover how individual differences in human traits and development are influenced by A. environment. B. heredity. C. heredity and environment. D. behavior.

C. heredity and environment.

64. (p. 65) When a blood test was performed on Cindy's fetus, the doctors found some of Cindy's red blood cells in the fetus' circulatory system. We know that this most likely A. is normal because the mother's red blood cells are shared with the fetus. B. indicates a problem with the blastocyst, which should not contain red blood cells. C. indicates a problem with the placenta, which should block the mother's red blood cells. D. indicates a problem with the amnion, which should eliminate the mother's red blood cells.

C. indicates a problem with the placenta, which should block the mother's red blood cells.

74. (p. 69) Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would detect spina bifida? A. ultrasound sonography B. amniocentesis C. maternal blood screening D. chorionic villi sampling

C. maternal blood screening

30. (p. 56) People who have hemophilia or fragile-X syndrome are A. equally distributed among females and males. B. mostly females. C. mostly males. D. those who have mutated genes carried on the Y chromosome.

C. mostly males.

1. (p. 49) As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called A. canalization. B. sociobiology. C. natural selection. D. genetic inheritance.

C. natural selection.

46. (p. 61-62) Dani loves dinosaurs. She always chooses library books about dinosaurs and has even asked her parents to enroll her in a junior paleontology club. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of these answers are correct.

C. niche-picking

48. (p. 61-62) Allison inherited a singing talent from her parents. She requested vocal lessons when she was young, and now she participates in the school choral program. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of the these answers is correct.

C. niche-picking

85. (p. 71) Neonatal deaths, preterm births, low birth weights, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death syndrome are all linked to which teratogen? A. cocaine B. psychoactive drugs C. nicotine D. alcohol

C. nicotine

96. (p. 76) CenteringPregnancy, an innovative prenatal care program, is rapidly expanding in the United States and provides _____. A. free prenatal care to low-income mothers B. in-home prenatal care by a midwife C. prenatal care in a peer group setting D. confidential prenatal care to pregnant adolescents

C. prenatal care in a peer group setting

4. (p. 49) Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to A. group social interaction. B. psychological wellness. C. reproductive fitness. D. developmental plasticity.

C. reproductive fitness.

37. (p. 5) Which of the following genetic disorders occurs most often in African Americans? A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. sickle-cell anemia D. phenylketonuria (PKU)

C. sickle-cell anemia

75. (p. 69) Stephanie's doctor reduces the dosage of her daily medication when she begins trying to get pregnant. The principle behind this action states that A. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the genetic susceptibility of the fetus. B. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the time of exposure. C. the greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect on prenatal development. D. the effect of any teratogen is greater in the last stage of prenatal development

C. the greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect on prenatal development.

63. (p. 65) The _____ connects a baby to the placenta. A. amniotic fluid B. amnion C. umbilical cord D. uterine wall

C. umbilical cord

12. (p. 53) Approximately how many genes does a typical human have according to the latest research? A. more than 100,000 B. 50,000-75,000 C. 35,000-40,000 D. 20,000-30,000

D. 20,000-30,000

103. Which of the following is a method to reduce pain during delivery without using medication? A. waterbirth B. massage C. acupuncture D. All of the these answers are correct.

D. All of the these answers are correct.

100. (p. 79) Which of the following statements is correct? A. Three basic kinds of drugs used for labor are analgesia, anesthesia, and oxytocin/Pitocin. B. Analgesia is used to relieve pain. C. Higher doses of drugs given to the mother during delivery potentially have a more negative effect on the fetus than lower doses. D. All of these answers are correct.