Psychology bio bases
The function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?
Reticular formation
A polygraph machine is often called a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in
autonomic arousal
Parkinson's disease is most closely associated with
decreases in levels of dopamine
During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat's hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will
eat more and gain weight
The limbic system is most closely associated with
emotions
Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as
endorphins
A child's sex is genetically determined by the
father
A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?
frontal lobe
People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to
make and carry out plans
The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for
pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
Joseph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as
phenotypic traits
The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called
the action potential
Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in
understanding language
Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's
vision
Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a
visual deficit
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?
The terminal buttons
Assume that R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and that r represent a recessive gene in rats for an abnormal gait called waltzing. Mating a female Rr rat with a male RR rat will produce offspring that are
100% runners
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
A decrease in heart rate
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
A loss of motor coordination
Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?
Aggression
Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?
Amygdala
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?
Broca's area
Sam has shown some marked changes in the way he is able to communicate after having a stroke. He knows what he wants to say, but his speech is slow and labored. Sam's grammar is also quite poor. The part of Sam's brain that most likely sustained damage is
Broca's area
During the high-wire act, Grace walks along a rope suspended 30 feet above the circus floor. Which of the following is most involved in helping Grace coordinate her movements and maintain her balance during the performance?
Cerebellum
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?
Endocrine
Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?
Endocrine system
After an electrode implanted in a cat's brain stimulates the cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?
Immediately withdraw in fear
The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?
Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?
It was initiated in the spinal cord.
James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. Which of the following disorders does James have?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping
Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear
In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?
Spatial reasoning
Joel's pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?
Sympathetic
George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?
The occipital lobe
A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?
Wernicke's area
A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by
a spinal reflex
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by
afferent neurons
An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find
an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere
Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in
an increase in respiratory rate
Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the
cerebellum
An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty
comprehending a spoken request for information
Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to
hear sounds
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
hippocampus
Stimulation of which of the following brain areas will lead a person to eat?
lateral hypothalamus
For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the
left cerebral hemisphere
The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the
limbic system
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
medulla
The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called
natural Selection
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the
right half of both retinas
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?
right parietal lobe
The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the
somatic
Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?
sympathetic
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. This is due to activation of the
sympathetic nervous system
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory phase