Psychology Ch 14

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome? A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path. William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed.Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2 Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore. Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon.

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________. adrenal shrinkage, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration adrenal dissipation, thymus and lymph node mortification, and constipation adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"? Albert Bandura Thomas HolmesDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 Richard Rahe Sigmund Freud

Albert Bandura

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise. asthma cardiovascular stressDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 heart

Asthma

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress? Clark experiences stress because his friend plans to shoplift some candy. Tony experiences stress when he sees the storm warning, but Pepper is not bothered by thunderstorms so she does not experience stress. Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife. Robin experiences stress because he notices his boat is damaged and worries about taking on water, but then he feels better when he sees a Coast Guard ship nearby.

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress. Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

Daily hassle

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease? Both depression and heart disease are caused by stress. Heart disease is associated with higher divorce rates, which increases the risk of depression. Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, 2.5 Heart disease is a side effect of prescription drugs that are used to treat depression. Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.

Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism? Research shows anger suppression is more effective. Research shows anger expression is more effective. Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective. Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 Research clearly shows neither approach is effective.

Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective. Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

Which of the following is an example of a stressor? reading a comic novel about zombiesDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 falling asleep in class daydreaming about robots being in car accident

being in car accident

The concept of perceived control refers to ________. beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives the ability to identify who is controlling their decisionsDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 attitudes regarding the desirability of control beliefs about the nature of predestination

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor. non-threatening chronic acute threatening Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2

chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. cognitive socialDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 physical emotional

cognitive

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces? distressDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 coping autopilot biofeedback

coping

A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________. ubiquitous presence in our livesDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 relatively minor irritation demanding or threatening event or situation result of physiological changes

demanding or threatening event or situation

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify? exhaustion resistanceDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2, 2.5 diminished personal accomplishment depersonalization

depersonalization

People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline. distress primary secondaryDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 eustress

distress

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response. eustress-distress emotion-threat fight-or-flight flight-or-frightDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

fight-or-flight

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors. flow onenessDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 happiness momentum

flow

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________. forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________. the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndromeDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2, 2.5 posttraumatic stress disorder career fatigue job burnout

job burnout

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________. intervention eustress reaction Difficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 meditation

meditation

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives? psychology of joy eustress psychology self-psychology Difficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 5.1 positive psychology

positive psychology

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail? primary beta alpha secondaryDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

primary

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using? problem focused stress reductionDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 emotion focused avoidant

problem focused

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases. moderately elevated rates of lung cancer significantly elevated rates of heart disease survivor guilt Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 slightly shorter life spans

significantly elevated rates of heart disease

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________. health happiness eustress social support Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

social support Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________. acute support antistressors chronic stressors social supportDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2, 2.5

social supportDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2, 2.5

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________. eustressor animator distressor stressorDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

stressorDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________. response; stimulus stimulus; response challenge; threat threat; challenge Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

threat; challenge Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout? wanting to quitDifficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 diminished sense of personal accomplishment depersonalization exhaustion

wanting to quit Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________. mental health of the individualDifficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 body's baseline reaction to ordinary events body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it best action to take in order to eliminate the stressor

Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"? Walter CannonDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 Hans Selye Brenda Lyon Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman

Hans Selye

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor? Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him. Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her.Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant.

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________. experiences the physical responses subjectively defined as the fear response Difficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 believes it is a threat. believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them. immortal autoimmune mortalDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, anti-immune

autoimmune

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes. meditation relaxation response technique biofeedback the Selye MethodDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2

biofeedback

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating. mega-stress eustress over-stress Difficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 distress

distress

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance. anti-stress eustress distress pro-stressDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

eustress

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor? increased heart rateDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.1, 2.2 how a threat is perceived inability to react to the primary appraisal a feeling of anxiety

how a threat is perceived

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress? The immune system is weakened. The lungs are placed are under stress. The thyroid is damaged. Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 The heart is subjected to abnormal pressure.

immune system is weakened

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. morbid mental cognitive physiologicalDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

physiologicalDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________. negative outlook and negative expectations angry outlook and negative expectations neutral outlook and low expectations positive outlook and positive expectationsDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

positive outlook and positive expectationsDifficulty: EasyAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades. Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test. Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2 Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books. Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory? Intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions. Stress has no effect on remembering educational material.Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2, 2.4

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health? They are smarter than less affluent individuals. They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 They tend to believe their reaction to life's stressors is out of their hands, so they worry less about their health. They have more healthy genes.

They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.Difficulty: DifficultAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush. Tiger Type A Type OneDifficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 Type B

Type A

Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality. tranquil Type B Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2 Type A stress-free

Type B Difficulty: ModerateAPA Standard: 1.1, 2.2

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome? It is time for Fallon's nap, but he cannot fall sleep. Patrice can't stop talking even after her teacher asks her to remain silent. Diamond begs her mother for a puppy even after she is told she can't have one. Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.2