Psychology Ch 9 1-2

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

Abstract logic Moral reasoning

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Initiative vs. guilt

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Intimacy vs. isolation

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Generativity vs. stagnation

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

During what stage do children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations?

Concrete operational

Stephanie has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a mug. She then pours it from the mug back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?

Conservation

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?

Conservation Mathematical transformations

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

J.J. knows that his friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers him, but he knows that if he tells the teacher everyone will think he is a snitch. He decides his friends' approval is more important, so he says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional morality

How does the continuous development approach view development as?

cumulative process

During the elementary school stage (ages 7-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Industry vs.inferiority

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Integrity vs.despair

During what Jean Piaget stage is the world experienced through senses and actions?

Sensorimotor

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

Should Louisa be worried?

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Sigmund Freud

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Trust vs. mistrust

What do stage theories believe about the sequence of development?

Universal

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

biology and genetics

What is our ego identity?

How we interact with each other is what affects our sense of self

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Identity vs. confusion

Jack, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

con't

In what stage can children use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions?

formal operational stage

Julie is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Julie wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Julie is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

In what type of thinking are decisions made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts?

postformal thinking

Noah decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?

Children begin to use language

One-year-old Albert learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Albert sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" What does this exemplify?

Assimilation

What does the concept conservation refer to?

Cognitive Theory of Development

What stage of development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity?

Cognitive development

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

What are crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty all examples of?

developmental milestones

What is another name for specific normative events?

developmental milestones

According to Sigmund Freud, when does he believe personality develops?

early childhood

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. What does this exemplify?

Accommodation

During what stage do children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning?

Preoperational

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

preoperational stage

Nicholas takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety