Psychology Chapter 10 Test Review

By the 1990's all babies born in the Unites States were screened for a. hearing impairment. b. pneumonia. c. schizophrenia. d. vertigo.

a

Children of authoritative parents often grow up to be a. achievement oriented. b. dictatorial. c. resistant to other people. d. dependent on other people.

a

During which stage is it normal for a person to triple his or her weight in a single year? a. infancy b. childhood c.adolescence d. adulthood

a

Which of the following best illustrates egocentrism? a. A child sits in front of a television and blocks the view of other people. b. A child believes that stars twinkle because they are happy. c. A child thinks that a giant made the Rocky Mountains. d. A child shares her dessert with a friend.

a

Which of the following do researchers believe is the most important contributor to building attachment between an infant and his or her mother? a. contact comfort b. Moro reflex c. feeding d. sleeping

a

Which of the following examples would Lawrence Kohlberg most likely use in his study of moral reasoning? a. a woman who kills a man because she has evidence he is a serial killer b. a group of bandits that robs a train c. a student who skips school to avoid taking a test d. a man who slanders a neighbor he does not like

a

According to Kohlberg, at what level of moral reasoning does a person evaluate an action in terms of how it conforms to society's standards of right and wrong? a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional d. interconventional

b

According to Piaget, at what stage do people reach cognitive maturity? a. concrete-operational stage b. formal-operational stage c. sensorimotor stage d. preoperational stage

b

If a child cannot understand the law of conservation, what does that indicate about his or her thinking? a. It is in the sensorimotor stage. b. It is one-dimensional. c. It is formally operational. d. It is lacking morals.

b

Infants that cry or behave in ways that indicate stress when their mothers leave have likely developed a. stranger anxiety. b. separation anxiety. c. contact comfort. d. imprinting.

b

What is the earliest age at which babies prefer pictures of a human face to any other pictures? a. birth b. two months c. six months d. one year

b

What is the name of a developmental disorder that prevents children from forming proper attachments with others? a. imprinting b. autism c. assimilation d. egocentrism

b

Which of the following best describes the beliefs of John Watson and other behavioral psychologists? a. Neither nature nor nurture plays an important role in a child's development. b. Nurture is the most important influence on a child's development. c. Nature is the most important influence on a child's development. d. Nature and nurture play equal roles in a child's development

b

Which of the following best describes the location of most parents on the warmth-coldness and strictness-permissiveness continuums? a. at an extreme end on both continuums b. somewhere in the middle, but closer to one end or the other, on both continuums c. at the end of one continuum and in the middle of the other d. none of the above

b

Which of the following terms refers to the automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals? a. kinship b. maturation c. environment d. reflexes

b

The difference in ages when Ugandan babies walk and when American babies walk is an example of a. nutritional differences. b. scholastic differences. c. cultural differences. d. cognitive differences.

c

What did Jean Piaget theorize about the development of children's thinking? a. Boys are mentally superior to girls. b. Girls are mentally superior to boys. c. Children's thinking develops in a sequence of stages. d. Children's thinking stops developing by age 10 or 11

c

What is the development of purposeful movement called? a. maturation b. perceptual development c. motor development d. Babinski reflex

c

Which of the following best describes conditional positive regard? a. Parents continually show their love for their children. b. Parents never show their love for their children. c. Parents show their love only when their children behave in certain ways. d. Parents show their love for their children at random times.

c

Which of the following is an example of continuous development? a. throwing a ball b. playing a game c. growing in height d. breathing

c

Which of the following is the point in development during which a person is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior pattern? a. starting point b. go time c. critical period d. blank slate

c

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period? a. contact comfort b. maturation c. imprinting d. rooting

c

According to Carol Gilligan, why do boys appear to reason at higher levels of moral development than girls? a. Boys are morally superior to girls. b. Girls have been taught to argue logically rather than with empathy. c. Boys are often taught to consider the needs of others over simple right or wrong. d. Girls choose to be empathetic.

d

What is an advantage of developing a secure attachment between infant and caregiver? a. Secure infants do not mind when their caregiver leaves them. b. Secure infants cry less than insecure infants. c. Secure infants more clearly express their anger to their caregiver. d. Secure infants are more likely to mature into happier, friendlier children.

d

Which form of development is concerned with how people's thought processes change and evolve over time? a. physical development b. perceptual development c. social development d. cognitive development

d

Which of the following best characterizes the effects of day care on parent-child attachment? a. Day care erodes attachment. b. Day care promotes individualism. c. Day care results in stronger attachments. d. Day care has mixed effects on parent-child attachment.

d

Which of the following conclusions do research studies using the visual cliff support? a. Infants cannot see colors. b. Infants prefer looking at landscape pictures. c. Infants enjoy climbing cliffs. d. Infants develop depth perception by nine months.

d

Which of the following individuals was an influential stage theorist? a. Arnold Gesell b. John Watson c. John Locke d. Jean Piaget

d

Which type of development do developmental psychologists study? a. physical b. social c. cognitive d. all of the above

d

Why do developmental psychologists study infancy and childhood? a. to learn how early childhood experiences affect people as adults b. to learn about the causes of developmental problems c. to learn what types of experiences in infancy foster well-adjusted children d. all of the above

d