Psychology Chapter 11
Health Psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
After moving to a new apartment, you find the street noise irritatingly loud, but after a while, it no longer bothers you. This reaction illustrates the
adaptation-level phenomenon
Because it triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and the endorphins, .......... exercise raises energy levels and helps alleviate depression and anxiety
aerobic
When faced with a situation over which you feel you have no sense of control, it is most effective to use .......... focused coping.
emotion
The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that
experiencing a very stressful event increases a person's vulnerability to illness
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
........... psychology is a scientific field of study focused on how humans thrive and flourish
positive
A philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy, because there will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or richer with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this observation is embodied in the ..... ....... principle.
relative deprivation
Research on the faith factors has found that
religiously active people tend to outlive those who are not religiously active
Aerobic Exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?
threatening events that we hear about
Tend-and-Befriend
under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type B
Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, released people
The components of the Type A personality that have been linked most closely to coronary heart disease are anger and other.......feelings
negative
Seligman's research showed that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had
no control over the shocks
General Adaptation Syndrome
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Coping
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods
Emotion-Foucused Coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction
Problem-Foucused Coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience......... an locus of control
internal
Stress hormones released in response to a signal from the brain suppress..........., the immune cells that ordinarily attack bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other foreign substances.
lymphocytes
One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also
more likely to help others
Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by ........, the........
resistance; exhaustion
Subjective Well-Being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measure of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life
People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that
social support has a beneficial effect on health
Research has shown that people are at increased risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness, or bereavement. In describing this link, researchers are quick to point out that
stress does not create caner cells, but it weakens the body's natural defense against them
When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to experience the .......-and-........response
tend; befriend
Pessimism
the assumption that negative outcomes will happen, and often facing them by complaining and/or giving up
Coronary Heart Disease
the clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries
Stressors
the events and conditions that trigger our stress response, because they are perceived/ appraised as overwhelmingly challenging, threatening, and/or harmful
Learned Helplessness
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
External Locus of Control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determined our fate
Relative Deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
Internal Locus of Control
the perception that you control your own fate
Stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging or challenging
Positive Psychology
the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
Psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health