Psychology Chapter 1.2
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
The founder of psychology. Had the first psychology laboratory. Developed introspection
What is unconscious?
The mental processes that operate below the level of conscious awareness.
What is cognitive psychology?
The study of how people think, learn and remember.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The study of the neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning and memory.
What is Gestalt psychology?
A theory based on the idea that the whole of personal experience is different from simply the sum of its parts.
Who influenced functionalism ?
Charles Darwin
What is the mind/body problem?
A fundamental psychological issue: are the mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain's subjective experience?
Who was Wolfgang Kohler?
A gestalt theorist. Found that chimpanzees could solve the problem of how to get a banana
What is psychoanalysis?
A method developed by Sigmund Freud that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed.
Who was John Stuart Mill?
A philosopher who declared that psychology should leave the realms of philosophy and become a science of observation and experiment.
What is the stream of consciousness
A phrase coined by William James to describe each person's continuous series of ever-changing thoughts.
What is behaviorism?
A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior.
Who was William James
A scholar whom abandoned a career in medicine to teach physiology at Harvard. Argued that the mind was much more complex than its elements, couldn't be broken down, and that we should examine the functions. Pioneered functionalism.
Who was Edward Titchner?
A student of Wundt's, whom used introspection to pioneer a school of thought called structuralism.
What is introspection?
A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts. E.g., exposing someone to an image and asking how it makes them feel.
Who was Mary Calkins?
A woman who joined William James' Harvard class and studied psychology alone due to all men dropping out. Would have obtained PhD but Harvard wouldn't allow. Became first woman president of APA.
What is structuralism?
An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components.
What is functionalism?
An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of the mind and behavior.
What is humanistic psychology?
Approach to psychology that emphasized how people can come to know and accept themselves in order to reach their unique potential.
Who was B.F. Skinner?
Became famous for taking up behaviorism. Denied the existence of mental states. used operant conditioning.
Wo was Margaret Washburn?
First woman to get PhD in psychology and second woman president of APA.
Who was George Miller?
Founder of cognitive psychology
When and where did psychology develop into a discipline?
In Europe during the 19th century
Where did psychology originate?
In philosophy
what is the problem with introspection?
It's subjective. Everyone will have different experiences.
Who was John Watson?
Man who developed behaviorism and believed that we should only observe behavior. Used classical conditioning
Who founded gestalt?
Max Wertheimer.
Who are Rogers and Maslow
Pioneers of the humanistic approach to psychology.
What is the nature/nurture debate?
The arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience and culture.
What is culture?
The beliefs, values, rules, norms and customs existing within a group of people who share a common language and environment.
What is social psychology?
The study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Trained in medicine and worked with neurological disorders. Believed that behavior was due to the unconscious. Developed psychoanalysis.
