Psychology Chapter 13

Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist gradually exposes Katherine to different dogs using virtual reality displays while she relaxes to each presentation. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist?

Systematic desensitization

A(n)__________is a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id.

ego analyst

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy__________.

is directive

Dr. Diaz is a therapist who works with clients of many different cultural backgrounds. Her clients like the fact that she always considers their cultural background important to her therapeutic approach. Dr. Diaz is demonstrating__________.

multicultural competence

__________refers to Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

systematic desensitization

Psychotherapy refers to__________between a client and a therapist.

systematic interaction

In client-centered therapy,__________refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals.

unconditional positive regard

What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy?

Active and directive

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

Antidepressant

Which of the following therapies focuses on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems?

Cognitive therapy

Jessie shares personal experiences with her facilitator and several others who demonstrate similar problems. In which of the following therapies is Jessie most likely participating?

Group therapy

Which of the following aggravated the problems that inmates of asylums were already facing?

Overcrowding

Identify a function of asylums.

To house people with psychological disorders

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now.

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as__________.

benzodiazepines

Dr. Thomas, a psychiatrist, works at a facility that treats new cases as outpatients rather than sending them to hospitals. He also helps people who have been released from mental hospitals. Most of the people treated by him have chronic psychological disorders. Dr. Thomas works at a(n)__________.

community mental health center

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect:

early childhood experiences and inner conflicts.

In client-centered therapy,__________refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

empathy

Psychodynamic therapy, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy consider psychological disorders to occur as a result of__________.

internal conflict

__________is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.

modeling

Behavior therapy applies__________to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

principles of learning

__________are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.

psychodynamic therapies

_________is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.

resistance

__________refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback.

social skills training

Which of the following is a difference between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Client-centered therapy is nondirective, while Gestalt therapy is directive.

Which of the following is true of free association?

Clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind.

Which of the following is a difference between humanistic forms of therapy and behavior therapy?

Humanistic forms of therapy tend to focus on emotions, whereas behavior therapy tends to focus on actions.

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy?

It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems.

Which of the following best describes psychotherapy?

It is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual.

Which of the following statements best describes psychodynamic therapy?

It is a type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud's thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

It is less expensive than individual sessions.

In psychoanalysis, which of the following statements best describes catharsis?

It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them.

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of group therapy?

Relationship problems are magnified.

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the basis for psychological problems?

Roadblocks to self-actualization

What is the reason for using the term Gestalt in Gestalt therapy?

The term was used to signify Perls's interest in giving the conflicting parts of the personality an integrated form or shape.

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists?

They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations.

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists?

They have unconditional positive regard for their clients.

alma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n)__________.

rational emotive behavior therapist

Jason meets a therapist for the first time. During the session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. Which kind of therapy does she likely practice?

Client-centered therapy

Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved?

Couple therapy

__________was originated by Fritz Perls.

Gestalt therapy

Which of the following is a similarity between cognitive therapists and humanistic therapists?

Both aim to foster self-insight, but they mainly aim to help make people more aware of their current cognitions.

Which of the following is true of psychotherapy?

It influences clients' thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Based on the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?

It relies on observational learning.

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient stop the use of anti anxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have not abated. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping anti anxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?

Rebound anxiety

Jose, a gym instructor, trains his clients in cardio and strength training. One of his clients, Rosa, is unable to focus on her cardio workouts for more than 15 minutes at a time but wants to increase her time to 30 minutes. So, Jose tries to gradually increase her attention time by five minutes before she is allowed to engage in small talk as a reinforcer for focusing on her workout. Which of the following behavior methods does Jose most likely use in this scenario?

Successive approximations

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis?

To provide insight into the conflicts that are presumed to lie at the roots of a person's problems

__________are controlled environments in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with keepsakes, such as poker chips, that may be exchanged for privileges.

Token economies

Steve's physician has prescribed medication that belongs to a class of chemicals known as benzodiazepines. Steve is most likely to be treated for__________.

anxiety