psychology chapter 14

Three ingredients of our liking for one another

Proximity, physical ATTRACTIVENESS, and similarity

Bystander effect

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are PRESENT

Altruism

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Conformity

When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting:

Prejudice

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

Group polarization

strengthening of a group's preexisting attitudes through discussions within the group

Social facilitation

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

Deindividuation

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint OCCURRING in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Groupthink

the mode of thinking that OCCURSwhen the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Frustration-aggression principle

the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Fundamental attribution error

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's BEHAVIOR, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Social loafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually ACCOUNTABLE.

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small REQUEST to comply later with a larger request.

Ingroup bias

the tendency to favor our own group.