Psychology Chapter Nine Quiz

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro reflex

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

four

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

generativity vs. stagnation

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

teratogen

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

motor

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

motor

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

Ego identity is our ________.

sense of self

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety