Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide
Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method? -What is the relationship between number of hours of study per week and grade point average? -Do students prefer a grading system with or without pluses and minuses? -Does wall color affect the frequency of violence in prison populations? -What is the effect of ingesting alcohol on problem-solving ability?
Do students prefer a grading system with or without pluses and minuses?
Given what you know about Ebbinghaus's research on forgetting, what advice about studying would you give your friend? -Make the material you're studying into nonsense material so you can remember it. -Make flashcards quickly before you forget the information. -Cram right before the test because it's the best way to recall the information. -Don't cram—engaging in distributed practice over a few days or weeks is more effective.
Don't cram—engaging in distributed practice over a few days or weeks is more effective.
Henna is having difficulty with her psychology class. She visited with her professor and she told her to try to understand and remember the meaning of a concept by connecting that concept to a personal story. What is this strategy called? -Rote memorization -Maintenance rehearsal -Method of Loci -Elaborative rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Which of the following is a limitation of a case study? -Case studies focus on too many people at one time. -Case studies provide information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. -It is difficult to obtain detailed information using a case study. -It is difficult to generalize to other people or situations based on a case study.
It is difficult to generalize to other people or situations based on a case study.
Choose the answer that identifies the correct order of the structures and processes of a model of memory. -Sensory memory --> Elaborative rehearsal --> Working memory --> Attention --> Long-term memory -Working memory --> Attention --> Sensory memory --> Maintenance rehearsal --> Long-term memory -Semantic memory --> Elaborative rehearsal --> Working memory --> Maintenance rehearsal --> Long-term memory -Sensory memory --> Attention --> Working memory --> Elaborative rehearsal --> Long-term memory
Sensory memory --> Attention --> Working memory --> Elaborative rehearsal --> Long-term memory
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, the structure of memory can be divided into three distinct types. What are these three aspects of memory? -Sensory memory, productive memory, and long-term memory -Sensory memory, working memory, and procedural memory -Iconic memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory -Sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory
Sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory
Paul records data that indicate that the number of hot chocolates sold at the concession stand increases as temperature outside decreases (for example, more hot chocolates are purchased during late fall than late spring). Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of this finding? -There is a strong, positive correlation between the two variables. -There is a negative correlation between the two variables. -There is no correlation between the two variables. -There is a weak, positive correlation between the two variables.
There is a negative correlation between the two variables.
As poverty increases, crime rates also tend to increase. Which of the following statements is true?
There is a relationship between poverty and crime rates.
Identify the location of the brain where all long-term memories are stored. -There is no one place in the brain where all memories are stored. -Prefrontal cortex -Amygdala -Hippocampus
There is no one place in the brain where all memories are stored.
Julie finds that the more she sleeps on the eve of an exam, the higher the score she gets on the exam. There is _______________ correlation between the amount Julie sleeps and her exam scores. -a negative -a perfect -no -a positive
a positive
A group of randomly selected participants for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________. -a representative sample -an experimental group -volunteer bias -a control group
a representative sample
All of the following variables, except for ________, would likely show a positive correlation. -school grades and IQ scores -height and weight -alcohol consumption and scores on a driving test -men's educational level and their income
alcohol consumption and scores on a driving test
Experiments are more valuable than other research methods because they _______________________. -can determine correlations -require informed consent -allow a determination of cause-effect relationships -are always double-blind
allow a determination of cause-effect relationships
The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms. They arrange the chairs in two different ways (theater style and circular) and then measure participation. In this study, ________ is the independent variable, and _________ is the dependent variable. -theater style or circular; arrangement of chairs -student participation; arrangement of chairs -arrangement of chairs: theater style or circular -arrangement of chairs; student participation
arrangement of chairs; student participation
All of the following variables would likely be negatively correlated EXCEPT _______. -hours spent watching TV and grade point average -the value of a car and the age of a car -average income and the incidence of dental disease -calories consumed and weight gain
calories consumed and weight gain
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________. -naturalistic observation -representative sample -case study -single-blind study
case study
Dr. Sardonicus wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to study a child who was tragically deprived of human language by her parents. This type of research is called a(n): -experiment. -correlational study. -survey. -case study.
case study.
Correlations do not show ________. -the degree to which two variables are related. -causal relationships. -the direction of a relationship between two variables. -the strength of a relationship between two variables.
causal relationships.
The _______________ perspective is a psychological approach that emphasizes the mental processes in perception, memory, language, and problem solving. -learning -sociocultural -biological -cognitive
cognitive
Working memory is said to be used for more complex _______ tasks, while short term memory functions as primarily a __________ facility. -cognitive; storage -storage; cognitive -mathematical; storage -executive; map reading
cognitive; storage
Atkinson and Shiffrin used the example of a __________ to help describe memory in their 1968 theory. -bank -casting call for the theatre -filing cabinet -computer
computer
After you have identified a problem you want to study, the next step in the scientific method is to ____________. -conduct background research -report your results -develop a hypothesis -test the hypothesis
conduct background research
Isabella is planning on studying the influence of intelligence on the ability to recall events from the 1960s. If Isabella does not account for variables such as age, which could also influence one's ability to recall these events, age could be considered a(n) ________ variable. -independent -confounding -random -dependent
confounding
A way of processing information in which we examine assumptions, evaluate evidence, look for hidden agendas, and assess conclusions is called __________________. -scientific evidence -false consensus -hindsight bias -critical thinking
critical thinking
Dr. Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college juniors in the United States. He should ________. -draw a representative sample among college juniors -require students' names on each survey to avoid the tendency to lie -give the survey to every college junior in the country -remember that sample size is the most critical factor in survey research
draw a representative sample among college juniors
In a laboratory, children are given either a beverage with sugar or one without sugar. The experimenter measures the level of hyperactivity in the children following consumption of the beverage. The experimental group in this scenario consists of children who ____________________. -do not drink anything -are in the waiting room -drink the beverage with sugar -drink the beverage without sugar
drink the beverage with sugar
The approach suggesting our memory works like an administrative assistant that encodes, stores, and retrieves information is called the ____________. -memory activation approach -three-stage processing approach -information-processing approach -connectionist approach
information-processing approach
The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called ________, which involved "looking inward" and reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences. -insight inventory -induction -intervention -introspection
introspection
Sam conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class. He observed the interactions of parents and children at a restaurant. He believes many parents spoil their children in today's society. He observed many parents allowing children to get away with bad behavior such as being rude to the wait staff. When Sam described his work to his teacher, she suggested he find out more about the ________. -restaurant effect -observer effect -butterfly effect -parent effect
observer effect
Selma witnessed a robbery at a convenience store. She watched various news reports about the robbery prior to being interviewed by police. When she was interviewed, she remembered some inaccurate details. Selma has experienced ______________. -proactive interference -retroactive interference -encoding specificity -the misinformation effect
the misinformation effect
A study shows that the correlation between shoe size and intelligence is .05. This means that _____________. -being highly intelligent causes people to have larger feet. -the smaller your shoe size, the lower your intelligence score. -there is no relationship between shoe size and intelligence score. -the larger your foot size, the higher your intelligence score.
there is no relationship between shoe size and intelligence score.
Evolutionary psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built into the brain because ____________________. -human brains are similar to the brains of the higher primates -they are the result of memories we have inherited from our ancestors -they are the result of learning that has taken place over many centuries -they help humans adapt to their natural environment
they help humans adapt to their natural environment
The variables of stress and depression are positively correlated. This means _______________. -we cannot determine causality with a correlation -depression causes stress -stress causes depression -there is a third variable that causes both stress and depression
we cannot determine causality with a correlation
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time? -"We cannot know others until we know ourselves." -"Life is an effort to overcome inferiority." -"Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes." -"Focus on observable behavior."
"Focus on observable behavior."
You read online that people who make more money are also healthier. Your friends says, "I guess money can even buy good health now." You respond with: -"It looks like that is true!" -"Just because those variables are correlated doesn't mean that one caused the other." -"Money and health can't possibly be related." -"Actually, people who are healthier are able to make more money."
"Just because those variables are correlated doesn't mean that one caused the other."
Which of the following is an example of critical thinking? -Accurately measuring and recording results -Researching facts about a topic -Considering alternative explanations for a study's results -Copying a previous experiment
Considering alternative explanations for a study's results
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship between two variables? - +.50 - +.05 - -.10 - -.70
+.05
Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets? -.45 - -.62 -0 -0.62
-.62
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables? - .25 - .50 - -.75 - -.25
-.75
Which of the following statements is correct concerning correlation coefficients? -A correlation of -.10 is weaker than a correlation of +.10. -A correlation of +.89 and -.89 are both strong and equally so. -A correlation of +.10 is weaker than a correlation of -.10. -A correlation of +.89 is strong and -.89 is weak.
A correlation of +.89 and -.89 are both strong and equally so.
The approach suggesting our memory works like an administrative assistant that encodes, stores, and retrieves information is called the ____________. -connectionist approach -memory activation approach -information-processing approach -three-stage processing approach
information-processing approach
Which of the following is NOT an example of applied psychology? -A personality psychologist assists a prosecutor with the jury selection process for a trial. -A health psychologist researches a potential link between depression and brain tumors. -A clinical psychologist teaches a patient to use breathing exercises to calm his anxiety. -An I/O psychologist performs individual assessments to determine whether candidates are suitable for a position.
A health psychologist researches a potential link between depression and brain tumors.
Which of the following is CORRECT concerning random assignment? -Random assignment can only be determined after an experiment is over. -In random assignment, each participant is assigned alphabetically to each condition. -The best formula for random assignment is birth dates. -In random assignment, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition.
In random assignment, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition.
What is the duration of short-term memory? -7-9 seconds -45-60 seconds -1-2 seconds -15-30 seconds
15-30 seconds
Echoic memory lasts for _______? -1-2 minutes -¼ to ½ second -3-4 seconds -3-4 minutes
3-4 seconds
______________ usually divide their time between supervising and teaching students, completing administrative tasks, and carrying out psychological research. -Sports psychologists -Academic psychologists -Counseling psychologists -Psychiatric social workers
Academic psychologists
Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle for psychological research? -Minimize harm to participants -Avoid any deception -Voluntary withdrawal from research -Obtain informed consent
Avoid any deception
A large automobile company says the cars the company makes are the safest in the world. You have driven one of these vehicles for a week and have not had any accidents or problems. Therefore, you believe the company's claim about safety. This error in critical thinking is related to which of the following steps? -Evaluate the quality of the evidence for the claim -Avoid using emotions or personal experiences when evaluating the claim -Consider any alternative explanations for the results -Failing to do follow-up research
Avoid using emotions or personal experiences when evaluating the claim
___________ psychologists interview patients, give diagnostic tests, provide psychotherapy, and design and implement behavioral modification programs -Industrial organizational -Developmental -Academic -Clinical
Clinical
Which of the following professionals is NOT a mental health practitioner? -Clinical psychologist -Neuropsychologist -Psychiatric nurse -Industrial organizational psychologist
Industrial organizational psychologist
Dr. Edwards wants to show a causal relationship between practicing meditation and stress levels. Dr. Edwards should: -Conduct an experiment in which some people meditate and other people use a different form of relaxation. -Observe people meditate. -Find a correlation between meditation and stress levels. -Conduct a telephone survey asking people who meditate about their stress levels.
Conduct an experiment in which some people meditate and other people use a different form of relaxation.
____________ states that context is encoded along with information and therefore memories are most easily retrieved when the context of the retrieval matches the context of the encoding. -Cued recall -The recency effect -The serial position effect -Encoding specificity
Encoding specificity
The memory of a student's first semester of college, when they were stressed and anxious, is considered what type of long-term memory? -Implicit -Procedural -Semantic -Episodic
Episodic
Which research method will allow researchers to determine the cause of a behavior? -Laboratory observation -Experiment -Survey -Naturalistic observation
Experiment
Which early movement of psychology investigated how our minds help us adapt to the world around us? -Functionalism -Behaviorism -Structuralism -Cognitivism
Functionalism
A psychology student had to use the steps of the scientific method for a class project. He first decided to study the effect of age on clothing choices. He then formulated a hypothesis that older people would prefer more conservative clothing than younger people. Where did he go wrong? -He did not analyze his results first. -His hypothesis was not a testable statement. -He did not first test his hypothesis. -He did not conduct background research before developing his hypothesis.
He did not conduct background research before developing his hypothesis.
You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented? -Humanism -Psychodynamic -Behaviorism -Functionalism
Humanism
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the storage of memories in the brain? -All memories are stored in one place in the brain, the hippocampus. -Memories are stored in various parts of the brain. -Short-term memories are stored in the cerebral cortex, and long-term memories exist in the hippocampus. -All memories are stored in one place in the brain, the prefrontal cortex.
Memories are stored in various parts of the brain.
established the first psychological laboratory in 1879. -Wilhelm Wundt -William James -John Locke -Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
What is it called when some people work to actively forget memories of trauma or abuse? -Motivated forgetting -Extreme memory loss -Deliberate decay -Proactive interference
Motivated forgetting
Ben and Grant are studying for an upcoming exam. Ben tells Grant that short-term memory and working memory are basically the same thing so it is OK to use the two names interchangeably. What should Grant's response be? -No, they aren't exactly the same. Short-term memory involves the passive storage of information, whereas working memory is more active. -No, they are actually quite different. Short-term memory only holds memories for a short time, whereas working memory is part of long-term memory. -They are similar, but working memory can hold more information than short-term memory. -Yes, that's exactly right. They are the same thing
No, they aren't exactly the same. Short-term memory involves the passive storage of information, whereas working memory is more active.
A research hypothesis proposes that consuming a low carbohydrate diet results in increased weight loss. One group of participants follows a low-carb diet for 3 weeks, whereas a second group follows a high-carb diet containing the same number of calories for 3 weeks. The average number of pounds lost for each group is then is compared. What is the dependent variable? -Number of pounds lost -Number of calories in each diet -Amount of carbs in each diet -Length of time on the diet
Number of pounds lost
When someone says the words "ice cream," most people will have numerous images pop into their head. Those images may be common like a picture of an ice cream cone as well as more specific like their favorite flavor. This is an example of which model of memory? -Parallel distributed processing model -Three-stage approach -Information-processing approach -Serial position approach
Parallel distributed processing model
Howard has not ridden a bike in 10 years. He first learned to ride a bike when he was 5 years old and enjoyed riding throughout his childhood. He recently bought a new bike and had no problem riding it around the block. The type of memory that allows him to recall this skill is called? -Procedural -Semantic -Explicit -Episodic
Procedural
Professor Thomas approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious processes within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches? -Behavioral approach -Psychodynamic approach -Sociocultural approach -Humanistic approach
Psychodynamic approach
____________ occurs in situations where a research participant's behavior is different than normal because the participant is being observed. -Confounding -Hindsight bias -False consensus effect -Reactivity
Reactivity
Ashley is using the scientific method to test whether male children are more violent than female children. What will she most likely do first? -Research previous scientific studies about children, gender roles, and violence. -Perform statistical analysis to determine whether male children are more violent than female children. -Formulate a hypothesis stating that young males are more violent than young females. -Select five male children and five female children and monitor their reaction to a violent video game.
Research previous scientific studies about children, gender roles, and violence.
Trent just moved and has to list all addresses on a job application. He has no problem remembering the new address, but when the application requests his old address he cannot remember it. Trent is experiencing which type of interference? -Storage interference -Retroactive interference -Proactive interference -Encoding interference
Retroactive interference
Caroline has dementia and can no longer remember the names of her grandchildren. She is experiencing which type of amnesia? -Neurocognitive dementia -Anterograde -Alzheimer's amnesia -Retrograde
Retrograde
The higher your self-esteem, the lower your chance of depression. This means that:
Self-esteem and depression are related but we don't know what causes the relationship.
You are doing poorly in a game that requires you to remember random strings of letters and then rearrange them into a word in your mind. You tell your friend that you have a problem with your short-term memory and they say, "No, I think it is your working memory that has a problem." How are short-term memory and working memory different? -They are different names for the same part of memory that holds information for a brief period of time. -Short-term memory is viewed as a passive place to store memories for a short time, whereas working memory is seen as actively processing information obtained from the environment. -They aren't different. They are just two different names for the part of memory between sensory memory and long-term memory. -Short-term memory holds less information than working memory.
Short-term memory is viewed as a passive place to store memories for a short time, whereas working memory is seen as actively processing information obtained from the environment.
Researchers are interested in the impact of a sleeping medication on quality of sleep. They have one group of participants take an actual sleeping medication prior to bed, while the other group takes a sugar pill. They ask participants to rate the quality of their sleep in the morning. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this proposed study. -The dependent variable is the group that took the sleeping medication; the independent variable is the group that took the sugar pill. -The dependent variable is the type of pill that was taken; the independent variable is the quality of sleep. -The dependent variable is the group that took the sugar pill; the independent variable is the group that took the sleeping medication. -The dependent variable is quality of sleep; the independent variable is the type of pill that was taken.
The dependent variable is quality of sleep; the independent variable is the type of pill that was taken.
A researcher is interested in investigating the effects of exercise on weight. He divides people into two groups and has one group engage in regular exercise while the second group watches television. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment? -The independent variable is weight; the dependent variable is exercise. -The independent variable is the group that exercises; the dependent variable is the group that watches television. -The independent variable is the group that watches television; the dependent variable is the group that exercises. -The dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise.
The dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise.
A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics? -The ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls -The math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S. students -The development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis -Physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies
The development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis
________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied. -The single-blind study -The double-blind study -Field research -Correlational research
The double-blind study
Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with the risk of cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? -The more orange juice you drink, the higher your risk of cancer. -The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer. -The less orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer. -The lower your risk of cancer, the less orange juice you drink.
The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer.
Golf skill is negatively correlated with golf scores. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? -The more skilled you are at golf, the lower your golf score. -Being highly skilled at golf causes people to have low golf scores. -The less skilled you are at golf, the lower your golf score. -The more skilled you are at golf, the higher your golf score
The more skilled you are at golf, the lower your golf score.
In a study that examines the impact of caffeine intake on exam performance, a researcher randomly assigns participants to drink either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee just prior to taking an exam. In this study, which participants were in the experimental group and which were in the control group? -This study does not have a control group; the participants who drank both types of coffee were in the experimental group. -The participants who drank the caffeinated coffee were in the control group; the participants who drank the decaffeinated coffee were in the experimental group. -This study does not have an experimental group; the participants who drank both types of coffee were in the control group. -The participants who drank the caffeinated coffee were in the experimental group; the participants who drank the decaffeinated coffee were in the control group.
The participants who drank the caffeinated coffee were in the experimental group; the participants who drank the decaffeinated coffee were in the control group.
In a study designed to test the impact of nicotine on driving ability, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, which participants were in the experimental group and which were in the control group? -The participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the control group; the participants who smoke a cigarette with nicotine comprise the experimental group. -This study does not have a control group; The participants who smoked either a cigarette with or without nicotine were in the experimental group. -This study does not have an experimental group; the participants who smoked either a cigarette with or without nicotine were in the control group. -The participants who smoke a cigarette with nicotine comprise the control group; the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the experimental group.
The participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the control group; the participants who smoke a cigarette with nicotine comprise the experimental group.
If you are reading a review of a product and discover that the person writing the review is a part owner of the product's company, you might question the reviewer's claims based on which of the following? -The underlying motive of the writer -Alternative explanations for the results -The emotional appeal -The quality of the evidence
The underlying motive of the writer
A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat, and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the participants who eat the chocolate are in the __________ group, while the people who did not eat any chocolate are in the __________ group. -independent variable; dependent variable -experimental; control -control; experimental -dependent variable; independent variable
experimental; control
Aashna remembers exactly where she was, what she was wearing, and who she was with when she first heard the news of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Aashna has a ____________. -flashbulb memory -explicit memory -episodic memory -echoic memory
flashbulb memory
Testing a hypothesis is the ______ step in a scientific investigation. -first -second -third -fourth
fourth
"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ________. -conclusion -fact -result -hypothesis
hypothesis
The first step in any scientific investigation is ________. -developing an argument -identifying the question -coming to a conclusion -forming a hypothesis
identifying the question
The famous patient known as H.M. developed anterograde amnesia after having his temporal lobes removed. This led to him no longer being able to create _______ memories, but his _______ memory remained functional. -procedural; working -working; procedural -working; long-term -long-term; working
long-term; working
Independent variable is to dependent variable as ________. -effect is to confound -experimental is to correlation -manipulate is to measure -measure is to manipulate
manipulate is to measure
Shania needed to remember to pick up seven items at the grocery store. She didn't want to write it down so she made up a story in her head imagining herself walking through her house and visualizing each item in a different room in the house. This is called the _______ technique. -storytelling -rote rehearsal -method of loci -interleaving
method of loci
Dr. Littman-Smith is conducting research in Kenya into the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day. Given the purpose of her study, she most likely is engaged in ________. -experimental research -correlational research -naturalistic observation -laboratory observation
naturalistic observation
When you watch dogs play in the park, or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________. -naturalistic observation -case study research -survey research -psychometric study
naturalistic observation
According to the connectionist model of memory, memory is viewed as a set of interconnected _______ in the brain. -neural networks -computer chips -serial pictures -life experiences
neural networks
Researchers designed an experiment that tested the impact of drinking alcohol on test taking abilities. They gave one group a drink with vodka and the other group a drink with tonic water. Neither group knew which drink they received. One interesting result of the experiment was that several members of the group who received the drink with the tonic water acted as if they were impaired. This result is called the _______________. -bystander effect -placebo effect -drunk effect -variable effect
placebo effect
Strategies that include ___________ and _____________ will be the most effective for promoting learning and memory because they involve ____________ processing of the information. -teaching others; rewriting definitions; deep -practicing test questions; mnemonics; shallow -practicing test questions; organizing information; deep -rereading; rewriting definitions; deep
practicing test questions; organizing information; deep
Joaquin went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Joaquin said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of ________. -eating McDonald's food -participant observation -room crowding -reactivity
reactivity
Leeann was telling her friend about a movie with her favorite actor. She wanted her friend to guess his name so she gave her friend the first initial to his first and last name. Leeann provided a ___________ for her friend. -learning cue -memory cue -contextual cue -retrieval cue
retrieval cue
Iconic memory is a type of _______ memory and handles our _______ senses. -sensory; auditory -sensory; visual -echoic; visual -echoic; auditory
sensory; visual
If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective. -behavioral -psychodynamic -cognitive -sociocultural
sociocultural
Spencer believes he learned about the famous "Stanford Prison Experiment" from his psychology class. His professor tells him they haven't covered that topic yet so he must have heard about it from someone else. Spencer experienced a ____________. -misinformation error -false memory -source monitoring error -pragmatic interference
source monitoring error
Jana conducts a study in which she calls participants and asks them questions about their opinions. She is conducting a: -case study. -survey. -laboratory observation. -biased study.
survey.
