Psychology Exam 2 (Chapters 5-9) Answers
Hunger controls are located within the brain's...
Hypothalamus
The correct order of Elizabeth Kubler-Ross' Death and Dying stages are...
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child...
Develops through a series of stages
After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bike. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates...
Discrimination
Which pioneering researcher used nonsense syllables studying human memory and discovered the forgetting curve?
Ebbinghaus
Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our BLANK memory.
Echoic
The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in...
Encoding
The process of getting information into memory is called...
Encoding
The underlying principle of operant conditioning is the idea that behaviors are influenced by BLANK
The consequences that follow them
The term "Social Clock" refers to...
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood and retirement
Chunking refers to...
The organization of information meaningful units
Homeostasis refers to...
The tendency to maintain a steady internal state
Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television. This is most likely to lead her...
Experiencing less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground
The most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our
Facial Muscles
Reciting the Presidents from George Washington to today is an Implicit Memory
False
In the Little Albert Experiment, John Watson was able to teach the child to BLANK
Fear Rats
Carmen drank several glasses of wine every day during her pregnancy. Her son was born with facial deformities and cognitive deficits. He most likely has a diagnosis of...
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Glancing at the television in the next room in hopes of seeing the beginning of the evening news is likely to be reinforced on a BLANK schedule.
Fixed- Interval
Christina was visiting a friend in New York on September 11, 2001, the day of the attack on the World Trade Center. To her, that day seems frozen in time. She remembers exactly where she was, what she was doing and what she felt as the morning transpired. This vivid recollection is known as BLANK
Flashbulb Memory
One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, which tends to decrease during late adulthood is called...
Fluid Intelligence
The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for...
Food and Drink
Some information in our fleeting BLANK is encoded into short-term memory
Sensory Memory
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the BLANK effect
Serial Position
Skinner Developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as:
Shaping
"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two" refers to the storage capacity of BLANK memory
Short-Term
After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his BLANK memory.
Short-Term
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called BLANK memory.
Short-Term
Asking people for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a BLANK schedule of reinforcement.
Variable- Ratio
Because Mandy always picked up her newborn daughter when she cried, her daughter is now a real crybaby. In this case, picking up the infant served as a(n) BLANK for crying.
Positive Reinforcer
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce...
A drive
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called...
A fixation
Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while hold a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the...
Adaption-Level Principle
Learning that certain events occur together is called...
Associative learning
A strong emotional bond that one person feels toward another special person is called...
Attachment
Harry Harlow's studies on infant monkeys raised with artificial mothers, suggest that body contact promotes...
Attachment
Learning involves...
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the...
Adolesent
A(n) BLANK is a commonly used rule, or formula, that is a guarantied solution to a problem.
Algorithm
Which of the following diseases is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and finally physical functioning?
Alzheimer's Disease
Samantha is currently in the hospital for the treatment of an eating disorder. She is dangerously thin, yet perceives herself as overweight, and to control her weight, she starves herself. Samantha most likely has the eating disorder called...
Anorexia Nervosa
The psychologist most closely associated with the study of Operant Conditioning was:
B.F. Skinner
Bulimia involves
Binging and Purging
Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling?
Cannon Bard Theory
When we use the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)...
Concept
If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is call a(n)...
Conditioned Stimulus
One's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, which tends to increase with age is called...
Crystallized Intelligence
When an individual has difficulty solving a problem because s/he can't think of new ways to use familiar objects, s/he is likely experiencing BLANK
Functional Fixedness
Aisha always wears a pink sweater when she takes her dog for a walk. Over time, she has noticed that her dog walks to the door in preparation for a walk whenever he sees Aisha wearing other shirts or sweaters that are also pink. This is likely to BLANK
Generalization
The process of retrieval refers to...
Getting information out of memory storage
Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group two is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?
Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them
Rule of thumb strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called:
Heuristics
The misinformation effect refers to the...
Incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event
Compared to authoritative parents, Authoritarian parents are more likely to be...
Inflexible (not flexible)
After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Kelly finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Kelly's experience best illustrates...
Insight
A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n)
Instinct
Mr. Schneider frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals, but he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to...
Preach the virtues of cleanliness but not practice cleanliness
A flashbulb memory will typically be stored in BLANK memory.
Long-Term
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called BLANK memory.
Long-Term
Every day as she walks to school, Mary passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?
Mary has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into the long-term memory
Harry, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to...
Maturation
Semantic encoding refers to the processing of...
Meanings
Our BLANK refers to our ability to encode, store, and retrieve information.
Memory
A mnemonic device is a...
Memory Aid
For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as...
Mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to...
Modeling
The Theory of intelligence that is most closely associated with musical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, etc. is BLANK Theory
Multiple Intelligence Theory
Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a(n) BLANK reinforcer.
Negative
Which of the following is true of negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant conditioning; punishments decrease the rate of operant conditioning
The bell shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a...
Normal Curve
Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of:
Observational Learning
When Jaden talks to other students while the teacher is lecturing, the teacher frowns at Jaden. This makes Jaden stop talking and start working. The teacher's frown would be called a(n) BLANK in Operant Conditioning Theory
Punishment
Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. The rooting reflex is to...
Open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek
Shawn loves to snowboard. He enjoys performing aerial tricks after launching off high jumps. The higher in the air he goes and the farther he travels, the better. Which theory best explains Shawn's motivation to snowboard?
Optimum Arousal
Iconic memory refers to...
Photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second
Your relative success at recalling various items on day after you first heard them listed in order is most likely to illustrate...
Primacy Effect
Arnold easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to remember his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates...
Proactive Interference
A best example of a category of objects, events or people is called a(n)...
Prototype
An event that decreases the behavior that precedes it is a:
Punishment
Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates...
Recency Effect
When asked to remember a long list of words one has just heard, the tendency to remember better the items at the END of the list is called...
Recency Effect
Saying (practicing) something over and over to yourself or thinking hard about it to keep it in mind is called...
Rehearsal
A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked conscious awareness is known as...
Repression
After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of...
Retroactive Interference
Which of the following is an unconditional response
Sweating in hot weather
A mental set is a...
Tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past
many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of:
The Availability Heuristic
Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by...
The Body's Release of Stress Hormones
The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of...
The Representativeness Heuristic
On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her history class that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a BLANK schedule.
Variable-Interval
Cognitive psychologists are most directly concerned with the study of...
Thinking
Emotional Intelligence is the ability to perceive, manage, understand and use emotions.
True
Tying your shoes would be an example of Implicit Memory
True
Which theory states that emotion results from the cognitive labeling of our physiological arousal?
Two-Factor Theory
The dog's salivation was the BLANK in Pavlov's experiment
Unconditioned Response
When Elizabeth Loftus asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observer developed memories of the accident that...
Was more serious than it had actually been
Another term for our current, active short-term memory is our BLANK memory.
Working
Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
Zygote, Embryo, Fetus
A teratogen is a(n)...
environmental influences on prenatal development such as drugs or alcohol, viruses, toxins, poor maternal nutrition, etc. that may cause birth defects
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to...
save time in arriving at solutions to problems
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to...
search for information consistent with our preconceptions.
