Psychology Exam #2

The basic sound units of any language are called_______.

a. Phonemes

According to Erikson, a conflict of identity vs. role confusion occurs during:

a. adolescence

According to Erikson, a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called ___________.

a. generativity

What score indicates how one individual compares to others on an intelligence test?

a. intelligence quotient

Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of ______________-.

a. intimacy versus isolation

A researcher who studies a fixed group of people over a long period of time is, by definition, using the ______ method.

a. longitudinal

As children approach their teen years, contact with ____ becomes more important in their development.

a. peers

Thirst, sex, and hunger are examples of _______ drives.

a. primary

Human and animal neonates come into the world equipped with a number of built-in responses called _________.

a. reflexes

Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be:

a. reliable

Traits which are typical of a sex but not directly concerned with reproduction are called ___________.

a. secondary sexual characteristics

________ is the system of rules that govern how we combine words to form meaningful phrases and sentences.

a. syntax

A psychological test that measures what we intend to measure is said to be

a. valid

The average IQ score on intelligence tests is _________.

b. 100

The human sexual response cycle has _____ phases.

b. 4

Any disturbance in the human sexual response cycle is called

b. a sexual dysfunction

Adjusting behavior or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called __________.

b. accommodation

Abraham Maslow theorized that human needs are:

b. arranged in a hierarchy of importance

A form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others, is ________ intelligence.

b. emotional

Researchers have concluded that the _____ is/are the most important part of the body in nonverbal communication.

b. face

Michael has always expressed that he feels like a woman trapped in a man's body. He even prefers that people refer to him as "Michelle." Michael's behavior is characteristic of _.

b. gender identity disorder

Alicia thinks all men and unemotional, aggressive, and inattentive. This description of males is an example of a:

b. gender stereotype

When you get too warm, you begin to perspire. This is an example of:

b. homeostasis

Another name for prototype is ______.

b. model

Which of the following developmental sequences is in correct order?

b. ovum, embryo, fetus, infant

The period of development from conception to birth is called the _________.

b. prenatal period

Individuals who have high levels of characteristics associated with both males and females are:

b. referred to as androgynous

________ center around our relationships with people.

b. social motives

Toxic substances such as alcohol and nicotine that cross the placenta and may result in birth defects are called _______.

b. teratogens

Ovaries is to female as ______ is to male.

b. testes

Which of the following is NOT an emotion?

b. thirst

The first stage of Erikson's Personality Theory is known as:

b. trust vs. mistrust

A disorder common in late adulthood that is characterized by losses in memory and cognition, and changes in personality, and that is believed to be caused by deterioration of the brain's structure and function is __________.

c. Alzheimer's disease

_______ refers to the biological characteristics of males and females, while _____ refers to the psychological aspect of being male or female.

c. Sex; gender

The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate is called:

c. creativity

Researchers have discovered that during specific periods in one's life, certain abilities must develop or they will not develop later. These are known as ___________.

c. critical periods

A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is, by definition, using the ________ method.

c. cross-sectional

The five stages of dying postulated by Kubler-Ross is ______.

c. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

The field of ________ focuses on the questions of how people of different ages differ from one another and what caused those differences.

c. developmental psychology

Affective states accompanied by physiological changes that often influence behavior are called _________.

c. emotions

The proportion if intelligence that is attributable to genetics is called the ________ of intelligence.

c. heritability

Francesca was born with both male and female sex organs. Francesca's condition is referred to as _____.

c. hermaphroditism

Statistically speaking, AIDS CANNOT be transmitted by:

c. kissing

A flexible system of symbols that enables us to communicate our ideas, thoughts, and feelings is called __.

c. language

A gradual and inevitable decline in the life processes begins in _______________.

c. middle age

Lawrence Kohlberg is noted for his theories of ____________ development.

c. moral

A need that energizes and directs behavior towards some goal is known as a ______.

c. motive

According to Maslow's hierarchy of motives theory, which one of the following needs must first be satisfied?

c. physiological needs

A reflex crucial to an infant's survival is __________.

c. sucking

Kubler-Ross is associated with research on:

c. the process of adjustment involved in dying

Cognition is a synonym for _______.

c. thinking

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because:

c. you enjoy reading it

Which of the following ages is considered the period of adolescence?

d. 12-19

__________ are mental categories for classifying specific people, things, or events.

d. Concepts

Preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations are all stages devised by ____________.

d. Piaget

Which of the following statements regarding homosexuality is TRUE?

d. There is no known single cause for the development of homosexual identity

Developmental norms are useful because they ____________.

d. alert parents to extreme developmental deviations

The most common of all the sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. is:

d. chlamydia

The visual cliff was developed to measure ________.

d. depth perception

A(n)________ is an external stimulus that can motivate behavior even if no drive is initially present.

d. incentive

The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called ______.

d. semantics

Our preference for a romantic partner of a certain sex is our

d. sexual orientation

The ______ nervous system influences physiological effects associated with emotions.

d. sympathetic