Psychology Final

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be:

"You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others."

Sometimes people are released from treatment facilities into communities and then return after a few months. They are then released once more, and then return again. This is often called the:

"revolving door" pattern.

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins?

40-50%

Which is the BEST example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies?

Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia.

A patient is taking an antipsychotic medication to treat schizophrenia. Which is NOT a known side effect of this drug?

Huntington's-type symptoms

Which hormone has NOT been linked to hypoactive sexual desire?

Oxytocin

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between violent behavior and severe mental disorder?

People with severe mental disorders are somewhat more likely to commit violent acts than those without mental disorders.

Which phase of the human sexual response cycle is NOT affected by a sexual dysfunction?

Resolution

What must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty?

The person must be capable of helping to defending himself or herself in court.

In a token economy, if a person no longer receives tokens for saying his or her correct name when prompted, then what is likely to follow?

The person will eventually stop saying his or her correct name when prompted.

What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder?

The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

What do Parkinson-like symptoms, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia have in common?

They all involve disruption of motor control

Which is NOT an accurate statement about men who have exhibitionism?

They generally have great confidence in their sense of masculinity.

The decrease in the fluency and productivity of speech that is seen in schizophrenia is specifically termed:

alogia

Civil commitment is for a person who has:

been forced to undergo mental health treatment.

A recently married, physically healthy man expresses great love for his new spouse, yet he feels almost no sexual desire for her. One likely cause of his condition is:

belief in a cultural double standard about women

Assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or when they con others. This outcome would MOST strongly support which theoretical position?

biological

Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them.

express; feel

LaTisha experiences little sexual response to erotic cues and physical stimulation. She is MOST likely experiencing:

female sexual interest/arousal disorder.

Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia would be MOST at risk for developing the disorder?

fraternal twin

A person feels most comfortable wearing clothes preferred by the opposite gender, strongly wishes to be the opposite gender, and is considering a surgical procedure. The MOST likely diagnosis for this person is:

gender dysphoria

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination.

gustatory

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:

having transvestic disorder.

What was the dominant way of treating people with schizophrenia during the first half of the twentieth century?

institutionalization

The MOST common fetish is:

shoes

People who attend to their own ideas and fantasies, who are unable to recognize other people's needs and emotions, and who also distance themselves from reality are displaying:

social withdrawal.

The main difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is:

the duration of symptoms

Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are awarded points when they behave in a desired manner. Poor or unacceptable behavior is ignored. This reflects which approach to treatment?

token economy

Cognitive-behavioral theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated:

too positively in early life

Tania can masturbate or be manually stimulated to orgasm but cannot reach orgasm during sexual intercourse. She would be diagnosed with:

vaginismus.

The lack of consensus about the correct diagnosis of personality disorders questions the _____ of the DSM categories.

validity and reliability

Tucker was found mentally unstable at the time of trial. This means it was ruled that Tucker:

was unable to understand the trial procedures and defend himself in court.

The current code of ethics declares that a therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent:

when the client or another person is threatened.

Tactile hallucinations are:

perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations.

Some researchers note that the majority of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are female and that many of these women experienced emotional trauma, victimization, violence, and various forms of abuse as children. As a result, these researchers view the disorder as a special form of:

post-traumatic stress disorder

Compared with long-term institutionalization, short-term hospitalization that includes aftercare is more likely to:

produce greater improvement and fewer rehospitalizations.

Recently states have begun to abolish their sex offender laws. Among the reasons they are doing this is:

racial bias can affect the application of the law.

Which statement is accurate advice that you could give someone thinking about taking traditional antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia

"Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side effects."

The _____ classifies someone as not criminally responsible if, at the time of a crime, a mental disorder or defect prevented him or her from knowing right from wrong or from being able to control himself or herself and follow the rule of law.

American Law Institute test

The _____ is a legal test that holds people to be insane at the time they committed a crime if their act was the result of a mental disorder.

Durham test

The version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions if those actions were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the:

Durham test

What can a person who is found to be guilty but also mentally ill expect?

a prison term with the recommendation for treatment

Therapists who teach clients to make statements such as, "It's not a real voice; it's my illness," are using a technique from the cognitive-behavioral approach that involves:

helping clients interpret their hallucinations.

Luke constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas he so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be:

histrionic

People with _____ personality disorder are extremely emotional and seek to be the center of attention.

histrionic

An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. This person MOST likely is experiencing:

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known as:

milieu therapy.

Ty is fairly handsome but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:

narcissistic personality disorder.

The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are:

negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism.

Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of:

the residual phase of schizophrenia.