psychology final exam

_________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. Distress Catastrophic stress Acute stress Eustress

Distress

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? collective unconscious Freudian slip repressed memory archetype

Freudian slip

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not.

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism. Personality is formed solely in childhood. Personality theory should be based on social health. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________. a psychotic break a dysthymic episode a manic episode a loss of mental control

a manic episode

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________ impact on one's ability to be creative. a positive a negative some no

a negative

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. illogical thinking patterns chemical imbalances and brain damage a set of learned responses repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface

a set of learned responses

The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant, or majority, culture is called ___________. acculturative stress integration assimilation acculturation

acculturative stress

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? a decrease in normal functioning symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring an excess or distortion of normal functions clearly identifiable symptoms

an excess or distortion of normal functions

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. oral phallic anal genital

anal

As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more, she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food, she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from ________. bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa phobic disorder compulsive exercise

anorexia nervosa

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ______ conflict. approach-approach avoidance-avoidance incompatible demands approach-avoidance

approach-approach

An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______. allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up are a source of social support allow countertransference to occur bestow unconditional approval on group members

are a source of social support

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. become neurotic strategies result in obsessive-compulsive behavior lose their effectiveness result in a complete mental breakdown

become neurotic strategies

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called _______. empty chair technique reflection behavior modification selective thinking

behavior modification

Allen, who has a drug addiction problem, is MOST likely to be successfully treated by ______. psychoanalysis Gestalt therapy family therapy behavior therapy

behavior therapy

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality. behavioral model intrapersonal model psychoanalytic model biological model

biological model

Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder. borderline antisocial dependent avoidant

borderline

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy. humanistic psychoanalytic insight cognitive-behavioral

cognitive-behavioral

The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next. gestalt collective unconscious ideal self id

collective unconscious

Research shows that ____________ lowers blood pressure in those observed. sensory deprivation concentrative meditation sublimation implosive meditation

concentrative meditation

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. congruence self-concept incongruence egotism

congruence

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ______. hallucinations delusions obsessions compulsions

hallucinations

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ___________. uplifts hassles distress downturns

hassles

The primary purpose of the DSM is to _____. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum help psychologists assess only normal behavior describe the causes of common physiological disorders

help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. healthy cognitive processes high self-efficacy moderate reciprocal determinism low self-efficacy

high self-efficacy

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. id unconscious ego superego

id

A goal of family therapy is to ______. teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues change the needs of individual family members identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems improve family communication and interaction

improve family communication and interaction

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________. that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that is similar to a word association test in which people are presented with ambiguous images that is designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society. inferiority psychosocial neurotic Freudian

inferiority

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________________. action therapies biomedical therapies relationship therapies insight therapies

insight therapies

According to the biological perspective, generalized anxiety disorder is _________. the result of illogical, irrational thought processes a learned reaction linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface

linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system

According to some studies, people who have religious commitments are likely to ________. lack a social support system live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs live a shorter life than are those who do not have religious beliefs feel alone with their struggles

live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called ______. hypomania dysthymia bipolar disorder major depression

major depression

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________. uncomfortable maladaptive deviant rare

maladaptive

According to Sigmund Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream. manifest content free association latent content resistance

manifest content

The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called ______. free association flooding voyeurism modeling

modeling

According to research discussed in your textbook, becoming a more optimistic thinker begins with: monitoring your own thinking. suppressing parasympathetic nervous responses. enhancing the use of ego defense mechanisms. trying to develop a Type A personality.

monitoring your own thinking.

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using? extroversion detachment moving against people moving with people

moving against people

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board. cognitive directive nondirective behavioral

nondirective

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? schizophrenia conversion disorder bipolar disorder phobic disorder

phobic disorder

In the wake of the recent BP oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, there has been an increase in reported cases of _________. Some researchers are finding that virtual reality exposure therapy has helped with the treatment of these problems. schizophrenia major depression panic disorder posttraumatic stress disorder

posttraumatic stress disorder

Working a second job to pay off credit cards is an example of __________. problem-focused coping reappraisal distraction emotion-focused coping

problem-focused coping

Which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety? anger, depression, and frustration procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills body tension, difficulty breathing, and sweaty palms excessive worrying, expecting to do poorly, and finding it hard to study in the first place

procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills

The field of ______ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system. interactive psychology psychoneuroimmunology social psychology organic medicine

psychoneuroimmunology

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________. electroconvulsive shock therapy psychotherapy psychopharmacology physical therapy

psychopharmacology

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? repression sublimation reaction formation regression

regression

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing? dissociative fugue agoraphobia schizophrenia antisocial personality disorder

schizophrenia

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. self-actualization love good parenting self-efficacy

self-actualization

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as _____________. catastrophes stressors eustresses hassles

stressors

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? the idea that men have womb envy the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages advocating for analytical psychology suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

The most extreme form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________. divorce suicide leaving the country anhedonia

suicide

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome? sympathetic and parasympathetic somatic and parasympathetic central and somatic autonomic and sympathetic

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of _________. neuroleptic malignant syndrome a clozapine overdose savant syndrome tardive dyskinesia

tardive dyskinesia

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? Abraham Maslow Carl Jung Sigmund Freud Karen Horney

Karen Horney

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. Max has an Oedipus complex. Max is an introvert. Max is an archetype.

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises, as well as confronts the client's statements. nondirective directive cognitive behavioral

directive

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body? depersonalization panic disorder schizophrenia dissociative identity disorder

dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects? double approach-avoidance avoidance-avoidance approach-avoidance approach-approach

double approach-avoidance

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ______ their patients. id; face-to-face discussions with ego; sitting behind and passively listening to id; sitting behind and passively listening to ego; face-to-face discussions with

ego; face-to-face discussions with

The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as _________. problem-focused coping emotion-focused coping self-focused coping a defense mechanism

emotion-focused coping

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________. extrovert archetype neurotic introvert

extrovert

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the __________ between client and therapist. mindfulness therapeutic alliance transference authenticity

therapeutic alliance

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. Rorschach trait Jungian character

trait