Psychology Final Exam Chapter 5

_____ are retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, whereas _____ detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.

Rods; cones

The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms illustrates:

kinesthesis

Vestibular sense plays an important role in:

performing a cartwheel without falling down

_____ refers to the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.

priming

What 3 steps are basic to all of our sensory systems?

receive, deliver, transform

How many smell receptors does a human have?

20 million

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the:

Cochlea

Infant rat pups who are deprived of their mothers' licking and grooming will produce:

Less growth hormone

________ is a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Perceptual set

_____ refers to the conversion of one form of energy into another.

Transduction

A neutral facial expression may be perceived as sadder at a funeral than at a circus. This BEST illustrates:

a context effect

Tinnitus is a phantom _____ sensation.

auditory

A bug flew into Shannon's ear and got stuck right outside her eardrum. The doctor told her that the bug was lodged in her:

auditory canal

The _____ is the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.

blind spot

Robert has an amazing ability to know when the room temperature drops one degree. This means that he has a very sensitive:

difference threshold

MOST hearing losses are results of damage to the:

hair cells

Pain control can be accomplished through:

hypnosis

Another name for sensorineural hearing loss is:

nerve deafness

While watching a movie, the brain assigns different teams of cells to process color, motion, depth, and shapes. This is called:

parallel processing

___________ constancy refers to our ability to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in position, lighting, etc.

perceptual

When someone wears too much perfume but does not notice, this is called:

sensory adaptation

When people see the mouth movements for "ga" while hearing "ba", they may perceive "da." This BEST illustrates:

the McGurk effect

Kittens, monkeys, and humans who experience sensory deprivation early in life end up with permanent damage to their visual functioning. This finding suggests that:

there is a critical period for normal sensory and perceptual development

Individuals interpret what their senses detect using:

top-down processing

The recently discovered gustatory sense is called ________ and it tastes like fresh chicken.

umami