Psychology Finals

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Aram is proficient in playing several musical instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory

musical

An intellectual disability is usually defined by an IQ that falls below

70

ydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern

B

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ___ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels

immunosuppression

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? kicking and punching while asleep

kicking and punching while asleep

Which of the personalities is considered the Thinker logical and always prepared?

C

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

latent

which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species

Carl Jung

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside

encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem-solving, judgment, language, and memory.

Cognition

are categories or groupings of linguistic information

Concepts

Out of the four personalities which one is deemed the supporter? task oriented and stabilized

D

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

a is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

Morpheme

This exemplifies ________. hindsight bias

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen.

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

which theory of dreams suggested that they do not in fact have any meaning at all

activation-synthesis theory

Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by. a blockage in the __________ that occurs

air passage

which theory of dreams suggested that they do not in fact have any meaning at

allactivation-synthesis theory

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

_________ is a stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes

biofeedback

Therefore regular feelings of hunger are an example of a

biological rhythm

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

which of the following is an example of eustress

buying a home

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist

is associated with narcolepsy

cataplexy

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________ suffers from

chronic sleep deprivation

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________

chronotypes

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence

logical-mathematical

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

sleepwalking night terrors and restless leg syndrome are examples of.

parasomnia

basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

positive psychology

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem focused

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Florian could never remember his locker combination until he realized that the three numbers perfectly match his favorite singer's birthdate. Now he has no problem remembering, thanks to which of the following?

semantic processing

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________

the availability heuristic

What personality is associated with being a leader risk taking and good under stress?

A

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

A professional trained in psychology.

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for.

Functional fixedness

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

Jet lag

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

Job strain

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including its cause and. the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces

coping

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their consciousness: one-half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist

dissociative

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

dysgraphia

is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings as well as optimal health and performance

eustress

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

What is the confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

Mescaline is considered a ______ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets?

standard deviation

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool, in the same manner, is called ________

standardization

Cocaine is a _______ drug, which means that it speeds up the messages traveling between the brain and the rest of the body

stimulant

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance