Psychology Graded 1 Exam

Which of the following is a guideline to follow to consume psychological information critically and wisely? Select one: a.Consider the source of psychological information. b.Apply conclusions from a group to an individual. c.Do not look for answers beyond a single study. d.Draw causal conclusions from correlational studies.

a. Consider the source of psychological information.

________ and ________ are secreted by the adrenal glands. Select one: a.Epinephrine; norepinephrine b.Estrogen; testosterone c.Estrogen; epinephrine d.Acetylcholine; testosterone

a. Epinephrine; norepinephrine

________ is a genetic method in which organisms are chosen for reproduction based on how much of a particular trait they display. Select one: a.Selective breeding b.Experimental evolution c.Polymorphism d.Natural selection

a. Selective breeding

Which of the following statements is true of humanistic psychologists? a. They stress that people have the ability to control their lives and are not simply controlled by the environment. b. They theorize that people are driven by unconscious impulses, which is similar to what the psychodynamic approach dictates. c. They emphasize that people are motivated by external rewards. d. They focus on people's visible behaviors, not thoughts or feelings.

a. They stress that people have the ability to control their lives and are not simply controlled by the environment.

In the human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair originating from each parent, and that contain DNA are called Select one: a.chromosomes. b.ergosomes. c.ribosomes. d.polysomes.

a. chromosomes.

A(n) ________ allows researchers to identify the specific effects of the independent variable from the possible effects of the experimenter's and the participants' expectations about it. Select one: a.double-blind experiment b.measure of central tendency c.meta-analytical study d.interview

a. double-blind experiment

Which of the following situations occurs when participants' expectations, rather than the experimental treatment, produce an experimental outcome? Select one: a.the placebo effect b.the third variable problem c.experimenter bias d.deception

a. the placebo effect

A(n) ________ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations. Select one: a.theory b.hypothesis c.operational definition d.experimental bias

a. theory

After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself. In accordance with the scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next? Select one: a.He will evaluate the results of his experiment. b.He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research. c.He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of happiness. d.He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal.

b. He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research.

Which of the following statements is true of the practitioners of the psychodynamic approach? Select one: a.They believe that personality is shaped entirely by genetic factors. b.They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think. c.They emphasize that psychology should be about what people do and should not concern itself with things that cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. d.They use evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.

b. They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think.

The _________ system is the body's electrochemical communication circuitry. select one : a. pulmonary b. nervous c. endocrine d. respiratory

b. nervous

The ________ connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Select one: a.central nervous system b.peripheral nervous system c.limbic system d.endocrine system

b. peripheral nervous system

When Charlie was three years old, he fell off the slide at the playground and damaged the left hemisphere of his brain. Despite this injury, as Charlie grew older he still retained some of his language abilities because the right hemisphere of his brain took control over the language function. Which of the following mechanisms of brain-damage repair is apparent in this example? Select one: a.collateral sprouting b.substitution of function c.neurogenesis d.lobotomy

b. substitution of function

Emma has recently started to suffer from migraine headaches and seizures. She also suffers from anxiety and depression. In the context of neurochemical messengers, which of the following conditions is most likely to be the cause for her symptoms? Select one: a.too little norepinephrine b.too much glutamate c.too much acetylcholine d.too little dopamine

b. too much glutamate

Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE? Select one: a.Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. b.Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research. c.Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions. d.Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts.

c. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions.

________ is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy. Select one: a.Consciousness b.Perception c.Sensation d.Reception

c. Sensation

Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable? Select one: a.members of the Below Age group b.members of the Above Age group c.college grades d.ages of the students

c. college grades

Olivia, a research student, wants to determine the effect of alcoholism on domestic violence as part of her thesis paper. She realizes that informing the participants of her study about its exact nature will affect the results. The participants are likely to feel ashamed of openly discussing such sensitive issues. In this scenario, which of the following would be the best approach for Olivia? Select one: a.requesting her family members and friends to participate in the study b.obtaining informed consent from the participants c.debriefing her participants after the study's completion d.changing the topic for her thesis

c. debriefing her participants after the study's completion

A researcher conducts an experiment to test the effects of playing violent video games on aggression. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this example? Select one: a.frequency of violent video game play b.video game preferences c.scores on an aggressive behavior survey d.the number of hours spent playing video games

c. scores on an aggressive behavior survey

________ are powerful depth cues available from the image in one eye, either right or left, and under normal circumstances they can provide a compelling impression of depth. Select one: a.Thermoreceptors b.Feature detectors c.Binocular cues d.Monocular cues

d. Monocular cues

Which of the following is true of sensory receptors? Select one: a.Sensory receptors are specialized cells that are not selective. b.Sensory receptors send information to the environment, creating local electrical currents. c.Not all sensation begins with sensory receptors. d.Sensory receptors are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world

d. Sensory receptors are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world.

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are components of the Select one: a.central nervous system. b.endocrine system. c.somatic nervous system. d.autonomic nervous system.

d. autonomic nervous system.

Margaret is appointed as a research director at a well-known pharmaceutical company. She is asked to design a set of research studies that will test the effectiveness of the drugs that are being manufactured by the company. To ensure that experimenter bias and research participant bias do not influence the results, Margaret should design a set of Select one: a.case studies. b.correlational studies. c.naturalistic observations. d.double-blind experiments.

d. double-blind experiments.

Emma, a psychologist, wants to study the relationship that exists among college girls who stay in hostels. She disguises herself as a college student and shares a dorm with some girls for a month. During her stay, she observes their various behaviors and makes notes when the girls are fast asleep. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario? Select one: a.the placebo effect b.experimenter bias c.a double-blind experiment d.naturalistic observation

d. naturalistic observation

Just before you went on a job interview your heart was pounding like crazy. You experienced a shortness of breath and felt sick to your stomach. These symptoms were most likely produced by your ________ nervous system. Select one: a.central b.somatic c.parasympathetic d.sympathetic

d. sympathetic