Psychology I Brain and Behavior
ectasy and depression
Abuse of the drug, _______ inhibits natural production of the neurotransmitters endorphins. When off of the drug, _______ is a chronic disorder.
amygdala
One moment Dylan is happy, the next moment she feels sad. What is damaged?
Broaca's area
This part of Burt's brain helps him to produce language.
Wernicke's area
This part of Burt's brain helps him to understand language.
occipital lobe
This part of Burt's brain is a lobe found at the back of the head. It is here that messages from the eyes are interpreted.
frontal lobe
This part of Burt's brain is a lobe found at the front of the brain and controls thinking and creating.
forebrain
allows for complex thinking in human beings
motor cortex
an area behind the frontal loves that controls movement
sympathetic
arousing
reticular activating system
attention, sleep, and arousal (stimulation of this makes us alert)
cerebellum
balance and coordination
receptor sites
binding sites on the end of dendrites (when neurons cross)
pons
body movement, attention, sleep, alert (damage to this can impact sleep/coma)
genes
building blocks of heredity that make up chromosomes
parasympathetic
calming
axon
carries messages away from the cell body
endocrine system
chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream -sends messages slowly in blood
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger that carries impulses across the synaptic gaps across transmitters
axon terminal
chemical sacs of the ends that hold neurotransmitters
dendrites
receive impulses and conducts them to the cell body (cell's ears: hears messages)
sensory cortex
receives info from skin senses and from the movement of body parts
autonomic nervous system
regulates the body's vital functions (heartbeat, breathing, digestion, blood pressure)
hypothalamus
regulation of body temperature, motivation, and emotion. Also involved in hunger, thirst, and sex behaviors (size of a pea but very important).
axon terminal
sends impulses across synapses (stores neurotransmitters) (voice)
Wernicke's area
speech comprehension
thyroid gland
-affects body's metabolism (converting food into energy)
adrenal gland
-increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and energy -secretes hormones that arouse the body in times of stress
ptuitary gland
-regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands -called "master gland" -regulates growth of muscles, bones, and glands
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
3 parts of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
4 lobes of the brain
hindbrain-cerebellum
A jeweler is repairing a plastic chain with very tiny links. The jeweler's _____-_______ would be very important in her ability to do this repair.
cortical steroids
Adrenal gland release _______ _______ which promote muscle development.
processing/storing short term memories
After a freak canoe accident, the Barry hippocampus was lost at sea. Barry has recovered in all respects, except for one thing. What is the new guy having problems with?
forebrain-limbic system
After a skateboarding accident, Nikka was left with brain damage. Now Nikka has trouble judging the emotions of others, even when she can see their facial expressions. What did Nikka most likely damage?
forebrain-hypothalamus
After an evil scientist destroys part of Bryce's huge brain, Bryce finds that he is always hungry and he eats way more than before. What did the scientist destroy?
hindbrain-medulla
Alejandro was in a car accident and can no longer control his own heart rate or breathing. What did Alejandro probably damage?
brain stem
Burt's most primitive part of his brain is similar to brains of all living creatures with brains. It connects his brain to his spinal cord.
hindbrain-cerebellum
Christy is slowly developing an impairment in her ability to perform finely coordinated movements such as cutting garlic into very small pieces. What part of the brain will doctors find the problem?
forebrain-limbic system-hippocampus
Damage to which part of the brain would have the least effect on Bernie's ability to juggle?
alcohol
Dendrites can be damaged by _______ abuse.
46 and 23
How many chromosomes do humans have? How many pairs?
18
How many inches long is the brain?
100 billion
How many neurons are in the brain?
3
How many pounds does the average brain weigh?
overweight and underweight
If too little thyroxin hypothyroidism is produced, you are _______. If too much thyroxin hypothyroidism is produced, you are _______.
right frontal
Luke is learning to play the piano,. Recent research suggests that the organization of Luke's somatosensory cortex may change to allow more neurons there is to respond to touch. Which lobe of Luke's cerebral cortex contains the somatosensory cortex?
gender
The 23rd chromosome determines _______.
parietal
The _______ lobe helps Burt find his way and recognize objects and their uses, and experiences sensations (such as pain, pressure, touch, and temperature)
meninges and shock absorber
The brain is protected by the skull and three membranes called _______. Also, a fluid surrounds the brain and acts as a _______ _______.
thumb
The spinal cord is as thick as a _______.
temporal lobe
This lobe is found next to Burt's ears. It helps us hear, plan our speech, and remember.
sensory cortex
This part of Burt's brain allows him to feel the soft fur of his dog.
motor cortex
This part of Burt's brain helps him move his arms and legs when he's running to psychology class.
motor cortex
Veronica bent over in her garden to pick strawberries but bumped her head on a bush and passed out. When she regained consciousness, she could not let ho of the strawberries in her left hand; the hand would not open or close. She most likely injured her _______ ______.
thyroxin
What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
multiple sclerosis
What is the disease that is caused by a deterioration of a person's Myelin Sheath?
HGH
What is the hormone produced by the ptuitary gland?
corpus callosum
What is the nerve fiber that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres called?
medulla
What part of the brain is most primitive?
cerebrum
What part of the brain is the most complex?
epinephine and norepinephrine
What two hormones are produced by the adrenal gland?
occipital
When Cade was tackled during a football game, he hit the back of his head on the ground, which resulted in a concussion. Cade now has trouble with his vision, so he probably damaged his ______ lobe.
central nervous system
Which part of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?
peripheral nervous system
Which part of the nervous system contains the nerves?
acupuncture and pain messages
_______ is based on the belief that by inserting needles into various parts of the body, they can interrupt _______ _______ sent to the brain, thus alleviating the pain or treating the illness.
down syndrome
a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
thalamus
a relay station for sensory info and motors skills (muscles and movement) (coach of the brain)
spinal cord
column of nerves within the spine that transmits messages to and from the brain
peripheral nervous system
communicates between the central nervous system and all parts of the body.
cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin, and axon terminal
components of a neuron
Broaca's Aphasia
comprehension is good, hard to find words, pauses, only nouns and verbs, slow rate -aware of their problems but have a hard time producing language
DNA
contains the genetic info that makes up our chromosomes
left hemisphere
controls language, logic, problem solving, and math
right hemisphere
deals with imagination, feelings, art, and spatial relations
Wernicke's Aphasia
disorder caused by damage to Wernicke's area, difficulty understanding speech, speech is intelligible, nonsense words -unaware of their disability -left temporal lobe
action potential
electrical charge that travels down the axon
amgdala
emotions, sex drive, moods
XX
female sex chromosomes
phrenology
first time certain parts of the brain link up with certain things
myelin
insulates and protects the axon
hindbrain
involuntary (runs itself) lower portion-vital functions such as heart rate, respiration, and balance
association area
involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
midbrain
involved with vision and hearing
cerebrum
large part of the brain- 70% of volume
XY
male sex chromosomes
limbic system
memory, emotion, sex, and aggression
EEG
method of studying the brain -a device that records the electrical activity of the brain -feelings of relaxation and sleep
(f)MRI
method of studying the brain -combination of PET and MRI -real-time log of brain activity
CAT/CT
method of studying the brain -detect brain change and measure activity -1970's, take a bunch a 2-D pictures and combine them into 3-D pictures
electrical stimulation
method of studying the brain -electric arousal of one part of the brain causes specific sensations in the body
MRI
method of studying the brain -person lies in a very powerful magnetic field and radio waves-more than CAT -1977; great for revealing small brain injuries
accidents
method of studying the brain -see the results of physical brain damage and its effects on people
PET
method of studying the brain -shows activity of the brain in real-time using radioactive sugar -see which areas of brain are most active listening to music, math problems, language, playing chess, etc
neurotransmitters
move from axon terminal to next neuron (chemical)
frontal lobe
movement and thinking
cerebral cortex
part of the cerebrum
reticular activating system
part of the midbrain
thalamus, hypthalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum
parts of the forebrain
medulla, pons, cerebellum
parts of the hindbrain
hippocampus and amygdala
parts of the limbic system
temporal lobe
process sounds, including speech
hippocampus
processing and storage of short term memory memories are processed here and then sent elsewhere for storage
ovaries
produce estrogen and progesterone
testes
produce testosterone
cell body
produces the energy for the cell
Broaca's area
producing language-located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
nervous system
system that regulates the body's response to internal and external stimuli
synapse
the junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron
reuptake
the sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitters from the synapse.
corpus callosum
the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
chromosome
threadlike structure in the nucleus of every cell; contains genes
parietal lobe
touch sensations and spatial relationships
somatic nervous system
transmits senses to the central nervous system (temperature, pressure) (external)
occipital lobe
visual cortex
medulla
vital functions (heart rate blood pressure, breathing) (most prehistoric part of the brain)
cerebral cortex
wrinkled part of the brain; controls mental processes such as thought