Psychology mid term

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.

more than one gene

Psychologists who investigate peer rejection by going to school playgrounds to watch aggression are using:

naturalistic observation

________________ are chemicals that carry information across the synaptic gap to the next neuron.

neurontransmitters

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

Genes play a role in determining individuals' traits, but the environment interacts with genes to determine to what extent those traits are expressed. The measurement of the environment's influence is called:

range of reaction

April is a psychologist who believes that a culture and its norms are the biggest influence that connects individuals' minds and their behavior. April is drawing from the ___________ theory.

socio-cultural

The _____ theory focuses on comparisons of behavior across countries, as well as on the behavior of individuals from different ethnic groups within a country.

sociocultural

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

Hearing is processed in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

An individual who no longer is able to remember his birthday probably has a problem in:

temporal lobe

A neurotransmitter is __________, whereas a neural impulse is ____________.

chemical; electrical

Dr. Daack has spent a lifetime studying how adults solve mathematical problems. It is likely that Dr. Daack specializes in _____ psychology.

cognitive

Thinking and problem-solving are emphasized by _________________ theory.

cognitive

Which theory focuses on how individuals perceive, think, remember, and solve problems?

cognitive

__________ theory believes that our thoughts often determine our behavior.

cognitive

The _____ theory views the mind as an active problem-solving system. This view contrasts with _____ theory, which focuses on an organism's interactions with the environment.

cognitive/behavioral

A correlational coefficient of -.0009 would indicate a strong negative correlation.

false

A correlational coefficient of .15 would indicate a strong positive correlation.

false

Conducting a naturalistic observation allows the researcher to control the variables she/he is studying.

false

The parietal lobe is where impulses from the eye are processed as an image.

false

One IQ test (e.g. Stanford-Binet) yields the same results when administered to individuals on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are only weakly correlated to other measures of intelligence. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity.

high; low

The different treatments given to the experimental and control groups in an experiment represent (the) ________

independent variable

A major advantage of a case study is ________.

information is specific & detailed, as focus is only on 1 person or situation is studied

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield results that fit the population, generally (generalizability).

is large and randomly selected

The ________ is involved at the start of an emotional reaction, often as an individual links their current situation with a past memory.

limbic system

_____ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen (e.g., internal states such as thoughts, feelings, and goals).

B.F. Skinner

______________________ involves in-depth observations and interviewing of one person, or it requires ongoing involvement within one situation.

Case study

In cognitive theory, the human mind is:

Compared to a computer

36.8% of adopted children whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments developed schizophrenia. Only 5.3% of adopted children whose biological mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments developed schizophrenia. What is the logical conclusion of these results?

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

In ____________ theory, experiences in childhood strongly influence our adult personality.

Psychoanalytic

In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of the subconscious mind and unresolved childhood conflicts. With which theory does this align?

Psychoanalytic

The therapy based on ______________ involves addressing a person's unconscious conflicts by having him/her talk about childhood memories, dreams, and feelings.

Psychoanalytic theory

If you wrote a book to describe the basic principles of behaviorism, which title would be the most suitable?

Rewards and Punishment

Which behavior described below is most likely to occur in a person with frontal-lobe damage?

Sam has trouble making decisions, is impulsive and he seems to have a completely different personality.

Evidence shows that college students who drink more alcohol tend to have lower grades. Those individuals who drink less have higher grades, typically. These results

Show a negative correlation

Emotional reactions are ________________

Triggered by the limbic system

Psychology is

a scientific discipline the study of cognitive processes the study of behavior

Zach believes that when any particular behavior is reinforced more than punished we well continue to engage in it. Zach's belief matches that of ________________ theory.

behavioral

______________________ is the field of study that focuses on individual differences in genes and the role of the environment.

behavioral genetics (epigenetics)

The major theory in psychology that views behavior as shaped by one's environment is _________

behaviorist

The major theory in psychology that views behavior as shaped by one's environment is the _________ view.

behaviorist

Dr. Joseph is studying the association between the functioning of specific brain structures and depression. Dr. Joseph likely specializes in _________ psychology

biological

Psychologists who adopt _____ theory examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.

biological

Jenson has a stroke and doctors told his family that he sustained substantial damage to the occipital lobes. What type of deficiencies will Jenson likely experience as a result of his brain damage?

blindness or an inability so see things correctly

The ____________________ maintains body functions necessary for survival.

brain stem

________ is a consistent pattern for many individuals,involving two variables that have been measured .

correlation

_____________________________ does not prove causation, though non-scientists often fail to recognize that as they see the graph it produces.

correlation study

_______________ is the part of the cerebrum that performs mental functions that are uniquely human (e.g. thinking).

cortex

Which of the following is the correct sequence in carrying information through a neuron?

dendrite, cell body, axon

The different outcomes in the experimental and control groups of an experiment are determined by measuring the ____________________.

dependent variable

__________________ theory explains human behavior through adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection.

evolutionary

Research examined whether watching "Elmo's World," an educational program, helped children with their language development. After random assignment, half of the children watched Elmo's World five times a week, while the other half viewed regular TV programming. Three months later, all of the children had their language tested. The average of each group was compared to that of the other. This study is a(n) _________.

experiment

The only way to prove an explanation of behavior, by establishing a cause-effect relationship between two variables, is to conduct a(n) ________.

experiment

____________ is the research method that proves one variable causes (explains) another.

experiment

Use of language is processed primarily in

the left hemisphere

Case studies should not be used to explain behavior of people in the population, generally.

true

In many experiments, one group of individuals receive a placebo as their treatment. Placebos are used to measure the effects of expectations of a treatment outcome that participants in a study may have.

true

The cell that is responsible for communication in the body and within the brain is a neuron.

true

A tool in research (e.g. a questionnaire) that produces data that corresponds to real-world behavior or thoughts of participants in a study shows

validity