Psychology Module 12

Three-year-old Sam is talking to his grandmother on the phone. He says, "Look what I got today." Sam's mom explains that his grandmother cannot see him. Is Sam's mom wasting her time explaining?

Yes, Sam has not developed a theory of mind yet.

A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false BEST illustrates the development of:

a theory of mind

Sheena once believed that there were only two genders—male and female. Having met transgender and gender-fluid people, though, Sheena has adjusted and expanded her understanding of gender. In her new schema, gender is more a continuum than a dichotomy. Which of Piaget's concepts does the growth in Sheena's thinking BEST illustrate?

accommodation

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; back talk is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____; Isabella's are _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Maturation refers mainly to _____ development.

biological

A student knows the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development and is recalling the name of the second one. They are communicating their knowledge by writing "preoperational" in a blank on a test paper. Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to all the mental activities involved in thinking.

cognition

Sam is a 12-month-old infant who just began crawling. He has not attempted to walk yet. This may be a result of Sam sleeping on his:

Back

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 25 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety?

Chastity

Liz's sister and her husband want their 4-year-old daughter to learn a new language and would like to start immediately. What advice would Liz give?

Early childhood is the best time to learn a new language.

Hussein is concerned because he cannot remember events before he was about 4 years old. What is the MOST likely cause for this infantile amnesia?

His hippocampus was not developed enough.

With respect to the pioneering theorists of cognitive development _____ emphasized the child's interaction with the _____ environment.

Piaget; physical environment, whereas Vygotsky emphasized the child's interaction with the social

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy, because he believed the pizza had become larger. According to Piaget, Otto lacks the concept of:

conservation.

During Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development, children transition from _____ to _____.

egocentrism; a theory of mind

In the strange situation, an infant with _____ attachment will remain distressed when their mother returns after a brief absence.

insecure

The orderly sequence of biological growth is called:

maturation.

Which choice pairs a parenting style with the correct description?

negligent—uninvolved

Ty's parents divorced when he was five. His father moved out of the area, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles at school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go as he wishes, she rarely if ever punishes him, and gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he does not have a father. Ty's mother has a(n) _____ parenting style.

permissive

Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

scaffold

Three-year-old Ross happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Ross MOST clearly displays signs of _____ attachment.

secure

According to Jean Piaget, object permanence and stranger anxiety are the developmental phenomena that occur during the _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor