Psychology Module 19- Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _____, whereas observational learning involves learning through _____.

association; imitation

Which example demonstrates that learning has occurred?

avoiding speeding in an area where one received a ticket previously

Lightning is associated with thunder and always precedes it. Thus, when one sees lightning, one often anticipates hearing thunder soon afterward. This is an example of:

classical conditioning.

In classical conditioning, the _____ is an irrelevant event that comes to trigger a conditioned response after association with an unconditioned stimulus.

conditioned stimulus

Dr. Garcia is known for his difficult pop quizzes. Immediately before he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it, and his students begin to feel anxious and tense. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz and feel anxious whenever Dr. Garcia closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a(n):

conditioned stimulus (CS).

A year after surviving a shooting, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and the sound of balloons popping. This reaction BEST illustrates:

generalization

Psychologists define _____ as the process of acquiring new and enduring behaviors and information through experience.

learning

John just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning, he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of:

habitual behavior.

Watson and Pavlov agreed that:

laws of learning are the same for all animals.

Jill is learning how to play tennis. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Jill patiently watches. Jill then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. Which concept BEST describes how Jill is learning to play tennis?

observational learning

Macy gave her dog a treat each time she came to Macy when she called her by name. Soon, the dog came every time Macy called the dog by name. This is an example of:

operant conditioning.

Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) _____ repeatedly comes before a(n) _____.

unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus