Psychology of Personality CH 2

What is the minimum number of informants that Funder recommends for each person in a study?

2

Dr. Low is interested in studying the relation between mood and willingness to help a stranger. Every participant in her study completes a mood-rating questionnaire and is then given an opportunity to donate money to a homeless stranger. Dr. Low is using a(n) ________ design.

Correlational

There is a possibility that individuals are so accustomed to certain aspects of their personality that they might not be aware of those traits. This is called the ________ effect.

Fish-and-water

Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?

L data

When someone is high in narcissism, what type of data about this person might be the LEAST trustworthy?

S data

Which kind of data would be the easiest way to obtain information about the content of dreams?

S data

In order to examine the relationship between early life experiences and adult criminality, Dr. Robbins asks his research participants to fill out questionnaires describing their early life. He then obtains copies of their arrest records from the county courthouse. The questionnaires used in Dr. Robbins's study would be ________ data, whereas the arrest records would be ________ data.

S; L

Which type of data is likely to be the most subjective and judgmental?

a. I b. B c. L d. S Answer is A - I Data

The most important and generally useful way to enhance reliability is to ________.

aggregate your measurements

Dr. Grant is creating a new measure of shyness, and she decides to include more than one item in her scale. She believes that using multiple items will lead to a more reliable measure. Dr. Grant is following which principle of measurement?

aggregation

Which of the following is NOT likely to undermine the reliability of a survey?

aggregation of measurements

What term describes computer-assisted methods to measure thoughts and feelings that occur during normal daily activities?

ambulatory assessment

What you do may be influenced by how you see yourself and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions and others' perceptions have ________.

causal force

According to Cronbach and Meehl's (1955) terminology, psychological attributes such as intelligence and sociability are examples of ________, whereas an IQ test and extraversion questionnaire are both examples of specific tests or measurements.

constructs

According to the text, accidental mistakes in judging personality are considered ________, whereas inaccurate judgments that are influenced by prejudices are considered ________.

errors; biases

According to the text, which of the following is another term for behavioral confirmation?

expectancy effect

As part of a research project, a participant uses a smart phone application that signals her at random times throughout the day. At those times, the application presents a series of questions for her to answer regarding her current activities. This is an example of ________ data.

experience sampling

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

experimental

Reliability and validity are actually both aspects of a broader concept called ________.

generalizability

The fact that much of modern empirical research in psychology has been based on white, middle-class college sophomores may reduce the ________ of psychological research.

generalizability

According to principles described in the text, it would be relatively difficult to create a reliable measure of attitudes toward ________.

paper clips

To conduct an experimental study of the causal effect smoking has on physical health, we would have to ________.

randomly assign some people to a smoking condition and some others to a control condition

A major disadvantage of L data is ________.

that the data are influenced by multiple factors besides just personality

I data essentially measure ________.

your reputation