psychology: operant and classical conditioning review
What is a unconditioned response ? to
a response from a stimulus that you did not have to be trained to react to
What is a condition response ?
a response to a stimulus that you have to be trained to react to
What is a neutral stimulus ?
a stimulus that doesn't mean anything to you yet
What is conditioned stimulus ?
a stimulus that you have to be taught to react to
Describe the little Albert experiment in terms of classical conditioning?
After hearing the loud noise with the ray repeatedly, the baby started to cry at the sight of the rat.
What types of reinforcement does the skinner box offer?
It offers positive reinforcement
What is unconditioned stimulus ?
a stimulus that you did not have to be taught to react to
What is classical conditioning ?
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned reponse
What is positive punishment ?
decrease a behavior by adding a stimulus
What is negative punishment ?
decrease a behavior by removing a stimulus
What ethical issues can arise with operant and classical conditioning ?
misuses of behavior: harm done to animal/ human
What is a skinner box?
special enclosed environment; first operant condition chamber
What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
stated that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped
How did little Albert later generalize his conditioned response?
Albert later feared other fury or white objects.
Describe Pavlov's famous dog experiment
Pavlov wanted the dogs to drool every time he rang a bell. So since a dig automatically drools (UCR) when meat is presented, he rings a bell (neutral stimulus) when he presents the meat (UCS) which after done repeatedly causes the dog to drool(CR) when he hears the bell(CS).
What is shaping ?
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is negative reinforcement ?
increase a behavior by removing a stimulus
What is positive reinforcement ?
increases the frequency of a behavior by adding a stimulus
How does a skinner box work ?
it is used to train animals and usually has a way to deilver food to them by them pressing a button
What is operant conditioning ?
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is BK Skinner known for and what conditioning is he associated with ?
studied and introduced the concept of reinforcement; operant conditioning
What is Ivan Pavlov known for and what conditioning is he associated with ?
studied how a person could control a dog's behavior; he wanted dogs to drool every time he rang a bell; classical conditioning
What is Edward Thorndike known for and what conditioning is he associated with ?
studied the learning in animals; operant conditioning
What gets paired, in classical conditioning that causes a conditioned response ?
unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
when a condition stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus then it loses its ability to have a conditioned response
