Psychology quizzes

Which of the following summarizes what must be done with exceptional talent in a child if that talent is to blossom and grow?

it must be nurtured

Which part of a newborn's brain appears to be the most sensitive to the use of language?

left hemisphere

Flannery is only a few years old, and she likes to do puzzles. As she snaps the pieces together, she can be heard saying things like, "This one goes here," and "No, that doesn't fit!" Flannery's verbalizations are an example of ________ speech.

private

any behavior that benefits another person is

prosocial

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916?

MA/CAx100

Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ________ or higher.

130

Did your mother ever tell you, "Breakfast is the most important meal of the day?" Well, she was right. Breakfast should account for approximately ______ of a child's daily calorie intake.

25 percent

Which of the following is the primary thrust of the psychosocial theory of development?

At each of eight different stages, people encounter a unique crisis that must be resolved for development to proceed normally.

While quite a bit of research has been conducted examining the factors that make for a successful school, the qualities of a successful teacher have also been explored. Which of the following is one of those qualities?

a teacher who teaches actively

The concept of naïve physics was demonstrated by ________, who found that infants as young as four and a half months would consistently look longer at unrealistic events than at realistic events.

Rene Baillergeon

Many researchers have identified different components that are associated with more successful schools. They include all of the following EXCEPT

a variety of extracurricular offerings

Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking that may be applied to different situations. This mental structure for kicking would best be described as

a scheme

In schools where students typically succeed rather than fail, students and staff alike tend to recognize that _________ is the primary goal of the school.

academic excellence

Within Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children demonstrate ________ when they adjust their existing cognitive schemes around new information or experiences that are inconsistent with those schemes.

accommodation

The fact that infant Ricardo has come to expect that his mother is available when he needs her means that Ricardo has developed

an internal working model

basic emotions include all of the following but which one

apathy

The process by which certain sensory information receives additional cognitive processing is called ________.

attention

A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) ____ memory.

autobiographical

Memories that help people construct their life history and create socially shared memories are

autobiographical memories

Which of the following represents the correct order of the first three stages of psychosocial development?

basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt

When discussing the acquisition of grammar, which type of theorist would be MOST likely to say, "Context and genetics are overrated, what really matters is imitation and reinforcement?"

behavorist

simple social play between toddlers typically begins

between 15 and 18 months of age

The first legitimate test of intelligence was devised in France around 1904 by

binet and simon

The approximate ages of Piaget's sensorimotor period of cognitive development is

birth to two years

When adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and volume, they are using ________ speech.

infant directed

Isaac and Larry, two young brothers, are sitting at the breakfast table when their father gives them both a glass of chocolate milk. Isaac's glass is taller but thinner than Larry's glass, which is shorter but wider. Larry gets upset and complains that "Isaac got more milk!" The fact that Larry is only focusing on one feature of his milk glass demonstrates the Piagetian concept of

centration

The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ________ operational period.

concrete

Louanne suffers from the most common type of learning disability. From your reading, you know that she has ________.

developmental dyslexia

If a group of children are playing together, which of the following games would NOT be an example of cooperative play?

each playing with a toy car on the floor

The preoperational concept of ________ suggests that children in this stage believe that others see the world exactly as they do; that is, that their perspective is the only perspective there is.

egocentrism

By the age of ______ years, most children have learned the addition tables so well that the sums of single digit numbers can be retrieved from memory rather than recalculated.

eight or nine

Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ________ intelligence.

emotional

Which developmentalist is credited with having proposed the psychosocial theory of development?

erik erikson

In the United States, approximately ____ percent of children are classified as learning disabled.

five

by about ___ months of age, a child can distinguish two objects from three and three from four

five months

For every girl diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there are approximately ____ boys given the same diagnosis.

four

as early as _____ months of age, infants begin to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions

four

With regard to differences between men and women, research has found that there are, in fact, differences in all but which of the following area?

frequency of prosocial behaviors

In the information processing model, mental ________ refers to mental and neural structures that are built in and that allow the mind to operate, while mental ________ refers to mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

hardware; software

The potential positive influence of environment on intelligence is demonstrated by the fact that children from disadvantaged backgrounds who participate in the ________ program show improved test scores and school performance.

head start

Children who have difficulty with emotional regulation often encounter all but which of the following?

inadequate physical growth

Your authors suggest one particular strategy for helping children focus their attention and reduce distractions. Which of the following is it?

make relevant information stand out and eliminate competing sensations

Hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter Brooke. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a

mediator

A person's knowledge and awareness of their own cognitive processes is called ________ knowledge.

metacognitive

Howard Gardner is to ___ type(s) of intelligence, as Charles Spearman is to ____ type(s) of intelligence.

nine; one

Which of the following conditions that is inextricably linked to physical fitness has now reached epidemic levels in the United States, according to the US Surgeon General?

obesity

Young Matthew is playing with his mother. She has his favorite stuffed animal, and she suddenly hides it under his blanket. Instead of looking for it under the blanket, Matthew starts to cry a little, since he thinks his toy is gone. Matthew has not yet developed

object permanence

By traditional definition, how many of the following 16-year-old children could potentially qualify for a diagnosis of intellectual disability? Kirk, IQ -120; McCoy, IQ - 100; Chekhov, IQ - 80; Sulu, IQ - 60?

one

Mental ________ are cognitive actions that can be performed on objects or ideas, and they are usually acquired during the concrete operational period of cognitive development

operations

If you use the old mnemonic "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas" to remember the order of the original nine planets in our Solar System as they move outward from the Sun, you are using a memory strategy called ________.

organization

________ involves applying grammatical rules to words that are, in fact, exceptions to those rules.

overregularization

When children play alone but remain aware of and interested in what another child is doing, they are engaging in ________ play.

parallel

Your textbook presents three different types of play in which young children can engage. Which of the following is the correct chronological order in which you would expect each type of play to appear?

parallel play, simple social play, cooperative play

which of the following does research suggest is more emphasized by fathers as they interact with their babies

physical play

Hannah is very crafty. She can adapt to different circumstances, plan ahead for situations, and knows when a course of actions she has planned is or is not likely to be successful. According to the theory of Sternberg, Hannah excels at ________ intelligence.

practical

Which is the BEST example of overregularization?

saying runned instead of ran

________ is when a teacher gauges the amount of assistance they provide to match the needs of a specific learner.

scaffolding

Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of

self

One factor that seems to explain group differences in intelligence test scores, particularly between Asian American and European American individuals and African American and Latino American individuals is

socioeconomic status

The idea that number names must be counted in the same sequence, without change, defines the ________.

stable order principle

What is often the first indication that a child has developed the ability to experience the emotion of fear?

stranger wariness

which is not a complex emotion

surprise

Joe is 18 months old, and is playing with his sister. He looks at her holding the inflatable beach ball, and says "up ball" as he holds out his hands. Joe's attempt to communicate using on a few essential words would be described as ________.

telegraphic

toddler's first conversations tend to be about

themselves

Which of the following is the BEST summary of the pros and cons of having children participate in organized sporting activities?

there are both benefits and potential hazards to such activities

If a child believes that the name "cat" refers only to her own family's cat and to no other cats, she is a victim of

underextension

In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the

zone of proximal development