Psychology: Review packet (15+16)

Researchers recently estimated that approximately ----- percent of adult Americans had suffered a clinically significant psychological disorder during the prior year

26

Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of

Beck's cognitive therapy

What individual is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that bloc receptor sites for dopamine?

Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she soon will be killed

The upcoming DSM-5 is being developed along with the eleventh edition of the -----, which will cover both medical and psychological disorders

ICD

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrates symptoms of

PTSD

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation

After Charles Darwin began suffering panic disorder, he lived in relative seclusion and traveled only in his wife's company. His panic disorder was apparently accompanied by

agoraphobia

What disorder is most characterized by the avoidance of situations in which panic may strike?

agoraphobia

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

all of these factors

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from

anorexia nervosa

The onset of ----- typically begins with weight-loss diet

anorexia nervosa

A post-traumatic stress disorder is considered to be a(n) ----- disorder

anxiety

To help an adult client overcome fears of venturing out of his own home, Dr. Ricci plans to use behavior therapy in combination with drug therapy. What drug would Dr. Ricci be most likely to prescribe?

ativan

One cluster of personality disorders marked by dramatic or impulsive behaviors is exemplified by the ----- personality disorder

avoidant

What therapy is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with facilitating new ways of thinking?

behavior therapy

Dogs come to fear neutral stimuli associated with shock. This best illustrates

classical conditioning

O.H Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of

classical conditioning

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

client-centered therapy

Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that

clients are generally satisfied with the effectiveness of therapy

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ----- therapists.

cognitive

Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of

depression

Freud is to ----- as Rogers is to -----

free association; active listening

Compared with those who suffer no disorder, those who abuse alcohol have a ----- risk of committing suicide. Compared with the general population, those who have been depressed have a ----- risk of committing suicide

higher; higher

Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ----- therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment

humanistic

Although experiencing severely traumatic events may lead to PTSD, it is also likely to lead to

increased personal strength

To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used

linkage analysis

Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with

major depressive disorder

What disorder typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help?

major depressive disorder

Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that

no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others

Reliving guilt through self-punishment is one of the motives for

non-suicidal self-injury

Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of

norepinephrine and serotonin

To facilitate diagnostic reliability, the DSM-IV-TR typically bases diagnoses on

observable patterns of behavior

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of

operant conditioning

Evidence suggests that ----- contribute(s) to schizophrenia

prenatal viral infections

A therapist claims Luke's irrational fear of snakes results from repressed childhood feelings of hostility toward his own father. The therapist's interpretation reflects a ----- perspective

psychoanalytic

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed a dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ----- perspective.

psychodynamic

Therapist David Shapiro helped a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly. The therapist's efforts best illustrate

psychodynamic therapy

Ideal clinical decision making is a three-legged stool upheld by clinical expertise, knowledge of the patient, and

research evidence

Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of

resistance

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ----- personality disorder.

schizoid

Humanistic therapists aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping then to grow in

self-acceptance

A rape victim may experience a panic attack when she sees anyone wearing a coat that resembles the one worn by her attacker. This reaction best illustrates the process of

stimulus generalization

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates

stress inoculation therapy

A psychodynamic therapist is most likely to

suggest interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

the medical model

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates

the placebo effect

The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as

the placebo effect

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of

therapeutic lifestyle change

What drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relief symptoms of PTSD and OCD?

thorazine