psychology sem 2

Overlearning is the primary goal of the drive reduction theory.

B. False

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance is best under conditions of high arousal.

B. False

The hormone cholecytokinin (CCK) hampers the digestion process of food in the human body.

B. False

The ability to use abstract concepts is a key component of the ________ stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development

B. Formal operational

The ______ of an emotion is the degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individual's being active, engaged, or excited versus passive, disengaged, or calm.

A. Arousal level

When cognitive psychologists use the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain, the brain is described as the computer's

A. Hardware

According to Piaget, ___________ is a type of problem solving method where individuals in formal operational stage of development think more as scientists, devise plans to solve problems, and systematically test solutions.

A. Hyopthetical-deductive reasoning

Identify a true statement about loss aversion.

A. It helps to explain the endowment effect and the sunk cost fallacy among people.

Cognitive psychologists are interested in examining the process of

A. Problem solving

_____ is the ability to bounce back from negative experiences, to be flexible and adaptable when things are not going well.

A. Resillience

The __________ of close relationships asserts that the partners in a relationship keep a mental balance sheet, tallying the pluses and minuses associated with each other.

A. Social exchange theory

Between ages 7 and 11, children gain the ability to classify things into different sets or subsets to consider their interrelations. Piaget calls this particular stage

A. The concrete operational stage

According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death?

B. A chronically lonely person

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the ___ is involved in avoidance learning.

B. Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when

B. Both persons have invested less in the relationship

____________ refers to Mischel's theoretical model for describing how individuals' thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior.

B. Cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS)

In the context of close relationships, _____ best explains why people are attracted to others who are similar to them.

B. Consensual validation

When scored on an intelligence test relate to important outcomes such as job performance, then the intelligence test has a high level of

B. Criterion validity

According to Gordon Allport, intergroup contact is NOT likely to reduce prejudice when group members

B. Engage in competitive tasks.

A drive is an innate biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.

B. False

A normal-weight individual has more number of adipose cells than an obese individual.

B. False

An individual will show increased interest in food consumption when his or her lateral hypothalamus is destroyed.

B. False

Eating complex carbohydrates will cause insulin levels to rise then fall sharply.

B. False

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good problem solver

B. Humility

The concept of _______ is best defined as the ability to do well on cognitive tasks

B. Intelligence

Which of the following effects, if any, does engaging in altruistic behavior have on one's well-being?

B. It increases happiness.

Which of the following concepts is associated with Albert Bandura?

B. Observational learning

Which psychologist articulated the steps of cognitive development from infancy to adulthood?

B. Piaget

According to ____________, two neurological systems- the behavioral action system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) - explain the differences in an organism's attention to environmental rewards and punishment and in this way shape personality.

B. Reinforcement sensitivity theory

According to Bandura, __________ is the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change

B. Self-efficacy

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to the personality trait of neuroticism?

B. Serotonin

According to the _________ theory, the success of a relationship is a function of how a person feels about the equity in his or her relationship.

B. Social exchange

_____ of close relationships examines the ways that committment, contribution, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships.

B. The investment model

According to Gordon Allport, intergroup contact is likely to reduce prejudice when group members

B. Think they are of equal status.

Eyesenck viewed ______ as characteristic behavioral patterns that aim to regulate arousal around an individual's baseline level.

C. Introversion and extroversion

In the context of Murray's personological approach, the ___________ refers to an enduring concern for having impact on the social world.

C. Need for power

_______ is Piaget's term for the crucial accomplishment of understanding that objects and events continue to exist when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched.

C. Object permanence

According to Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a child who expresses a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and is inflexible is a _________ child.

C. Slow to warm up

_____ perspectives on personality emphasize conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

C. Social cognitive

According to Piaget, children's thought in the preoperational stage is egocentric. This statement refers to

C. The difficulty in perceiving things from another person's point of view

An individual's ability to adjust his or own schemas to new information is called

D. Accommodation

Affectionate love is also called _________ love

D. Companionate

Identify a trait that is most commonly associated with creative thinkers.

D. Inner motivation

Which of the following psychologists would have been most interested in examining the impact of amygdala damage on personality?

D. Jeffery Gray

Being receptive to other ways of looking at things is referred to as

D. Open-mindedness

In the context of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, __________ are mental representations that are reversible.

D. Operations

When groups of individuals work together on a shared goal, which then reduces tensions between the groups. This is known as

D. Task-oriented cooperation.

___________ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding.

D. Temperament

In the context of biases and heuristics that affect an individual's decision making strategies, refers to the fact that people are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment

a. Sunk cost fallacy

In the context of loss aversion, ________ means that people ascribe greater value to objects they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else

b. Endowment effect