Psychology Test 1

A psychologist working with a group of older adults in an inner-city neighborhood wants to administer a test that takes into consideration the influence of cultural background on results. Which intelligence test would the psychologist most likely select?

Dove Counterbalance Intelligence Test

states that intelligence is made up of seven primary mental abilities?

Thurstone's theory of intelligence.

a test's ability to measure what it is supposed to measure?

Validity.

Which of the following is appropriate for testing cognitive delay in a two-and-a-half-year-old child?

WPPSI-IV

The makers of a test have determined that the average score for a large representative sample of the group to be measured is 480. They have?

established the test's norm.

a test that encourages the test taker to freely interpret various test stimuli?

projective test.

an example of a general aptitude test?

ACT.

attempts to assess an individual's characteristics?

personality test

A test has been shown to determine whether an individual will succeed as an auto mechanic. A psychologist would say that the test has ________________validity.

predictive

states that intelligence is based on a person's general intelligence along with his or her specific mental abilities?

two-factor theory of intelligence.

Which type of test do you think can be scored more reliably: an essay test or a multiple-choice test? Why?

Multiple choice tests can be scored more reliably because the options are limited and there is a single right answer.

If Sigmund Freud were to give a patient a personality test today, which one do you think he would use? Give reasons for your answer.

He would probably use the Rorschach because it is more open-ended than the TAT.

favoring one social group over another?

cultural bias.

The Wechsler tests

have three different versions, based on age-range.

A college admissions test designed to find out whether an individual would make a good software engineer based on that individual's skills is an example of an?

intelligence test.

Shalom takes a test that indicates she is more interested in working outside and protecting the environment than her peers. What kind of test did she take?

interest inventory

attempts to determine a person's preferences, attitudes, and interests?

interest inventory.

a test that is constructed in a limited- or forced-choice format?

objective test.

quality of a test that yields the same results when scored by different people?

test-retest reliability

once determined by dividing a person's mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying by 100?

IQ

standard of comparison for test results?

Norm.

What kinds of tests are useful in helping a person make career choices? Evaluate the different ways in which these tests are useful?

Aptitude tests are useful in identifying a person's talents and predicting his or her ability to learn a new skill. This can be useful in career choices by identifying areas in which a person's ability matches job requirements.

Norms for intelligence tests are established in such a way that most people score near?

100

If a person has an IQ of 100, this means?

50 percent of test takers of the same age performed better than that person.

attempts to measure how much a person has already learned in a particular area

achievement test

attempts to discover a person's talents?

aptitude test

A college admissions test designed to find out whether an individual would make a good architecture student based on the skills that person has is an example of an?

aptitude test.

According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, what kind of thinking skill is a person using when determining what type of house to build in a particular climate?

practical thinking skill.

establishing an average score?

standardization.

The MMPI-2

was originally developed to diagnose personality disorders.

Why do you think measuring a test's validity is more difficult than measuring its reliability? Give specific reasons for your answer.

A test may seem as if it is measuring something, such as problem-solving ability, when it is really measuring something else, such as experience. Reliability can be more easily measured, for example by re-giving a test or having different people score it.

rise of nearly 25 points in U.S. IQ scores since 1918?

Flynn effect

Consider this statement: "Standardized tests, such as the ACT and SAT, have a high degree of validity." Do you think the artist who drew this cartoon would agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your opinion.

I think the cartoonist might doubt whether these tests are valid, that is, whether they measure what they claim to measure. My reasoning for this is that the friend in the last frame says the tests assess people's ability to understand acronyms.

an example of a general personality assessment?

MMPI-2

____________ personality tests, such as the Rorschach, can be scored in many different ways.

Projective

What is true concerning objective tests?

There can be only one correct answer to each question.

Why is it vital that norms be established for tests? What would happen if norms were not established?

Without norms, it is impossible to make comparisons among test takers. The norms tell us what has been found to be the average for a large representative sample of the group.

In ____________________ testing, the computer changes the difficulty of questions based on the test taker's performance.

adaptive

the ability of a test to provide the same result under a variety of similar circumstances?

Reliability

states that intelligence can be divided into three ways of processing information?

Sternberg's theory of intelligence

How do you think genetic differences affect IQ scores? How do you think environmental differences affect these scores? Do you believe one of these differences has more of an effect than the other?

Studies have shown that both genetics and environment affect IQ scores. I believe that while both genetics and environment are important factors, genetics is more important and probably accounts for about 65-70% of the difference in IQs.

Which of the following is an example of a test derived from the psychoanalytic perspective?

Thematic Apperception Test

Why is there frequently a problem distinguishing between achievement tests and aptitude tests?

Aptitude tests are supposed to measure innate abilities or talent, but in reality they also measure experience, so, at least in part, they are achievement tests. Achievement tests turn out to be the best predictors of many kinds of occupational abilities

A child comes from an economically disadvantaged home in which the parents have little education. What are three advantages to placing this child in a quality preschool program?

The child is less likely to be in special education classes, less likely to be held back, and more likely to graduate from high school than a child without this experience.

A test claims to measure a person's mathematical ability. This test has been determined to be valid. What does this mean?

The test actually measures what it claims to measure.

What do most psychologists believe about personality tests such as the MMPI-2?

To get a proper diagnosis, the results should be confirmed with interviews and observations.

includes the ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and appropriately?

emotional intelligence

The Stanford-Binet test is used to measure intelligence in terms of?

mental age.

When a test has been shown to be able to indicate future performance, psychologists say the test has ____________validity.

predictive

Analyze this graph that shows the distribution of IQ scores. What two conclusions can you draw from this graph?

the vast majority of scores fall close to 100. 95 percent of all scores fall between 70 and 130.