psychology test 3

reality

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ego abides by the _____ principle.

Terotogen

___ is any agent that causes a birth defect.

Attitudes

_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world.

Displacement

_____ is a defense mechanism that means directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target

cognitive dissonance

_____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Groupthink

refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony.

Projection

A defense mechanism in which an individual sees in others those impulses that the individual most fears or despises in himself or herself is called

exploration and commitment

According to James Marcia, the two dimensions of identity are

collective unconscious

According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the

cellular clock theory

According to _____, as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

Carrie adopted her persona at parties

At home Carrie was moody, self-centered, and bossy. At social events, Carrie was the life of the party. She was funny, happy, and demonstrated social graces that none of her family ever saw at home. What is Jung's explanation of Carrie's behavior

neglectful

Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. He has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. Cooper's father believes that his career is more important than raising his son. As such, he does not get involved in Cooper's life. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting is

nurture

Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance.

Ernie experiences more positive emotions than Bert.

Ernie is an extrovert. Bert is an introvert. What can you predict about Ernie and Bert given your knowledge of personality research?

Authoritian

Ian came home after curfew. Without asking for an explanation, his parents sent him to his room and informed him that he was grounded for a month. Which of the following types of parenting did Ian's parents demonstrates?

Making the biggest pitch first

In the context of persuasion strategies, the door-in-the-face technique involves

conditions of worth

Ivan is a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behavior. According to Rogers, Ivan is likely to develop knowledge of

identity foreclosure

Linda has decided to pursue law because everyone in her family is a lawyer. This is an example of

authoritative

Mazie's mom is loving and caring. Her mom sets clear boundaries and engages in a lot of verbal give and take. In terms of parenting styles, she would be described as

Henry Murray

Modern criminal profiling is based on the personological approach of

20's

Most adults reach their peak physical development during their

empathic parenting is related to more prosocial behavior in children.

Recent research on prosocial behavior has found that

social identity disorder

Rob and Deandra are members of a football team. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by their team's performance. They tend to compare their team with that of the opponents in order to improve their self-image. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario?

oral

Six-month-old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on (e.g., fingers, dolls, blocks, rattles). The fact that Ian receives pleasure and comfort by exploring the world with his mouth suggests that he is in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

defense mechanism

The Freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is

affectonate love

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

the self serving bias

Whenever Claudia gets an A on her psychology exam, she believes it was due to the fact that she is an intelligent, hard-working student. However, when she receives a C on an exam, she blames the instructor's ineffective teaching style and poor choice of test questions. Claudia's behavior is an example of

Sarah, who is very successful in the business she has started

Which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?

Crowdsourcing

Which of the following is most likely to reduce the kinds of group biases that exist in face-to-face groups?

It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex.

Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

he has an angry and volatile personality.

You are watching golf and see Tiger Woods scowl. You would be making the fundamental attribution error if you assumed that

object permanence

You tried to play peek-a-boo with your six-month-old nephew, but whenever you hid your face, he would cry. You try it again three months later, and now he laughs and enjoys the game, trying to uncover your face with his hands. Your nephew has begun to develop

Repression

____ is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness

Gabriela's mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela's mother

encourages her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior.

According to Hyde, the gender similarities hypothesis

is the idea that men and women (and boys and girls) are much more similar than they are different

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

resillence

refers to a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times.