Psychology Unit 4 Review

In the replication experiment, when the participant defers to the professor, it carries with it... A) a diffusion of responsibility B) a level of mental incapacity C) an indicator of Nazi affiliation D) All answer choices are correct

A (a diffusion of responsibility)

After logging onto your Zoom class, you notice that everyone has their webcam turned off. You know that the professor prefers to see everyone's face (though not required), but you decide to keep your webcam off as well. What component of social influence is guiding your behavior? A) conformity B) obedience C) persuasion D) mere exposure

A (conformity)

Men's preference for physical beauty and youth in mates is tied to cues that a woman is young and fertile and thus able to successfully bear children. This is a theory proposed by... A) evolutionary psychologists B) neuropsychologists C) psychoanalysis D) male chauvinists

A (evolutionary psychologists)

Match the statement with the corresponding part of the biopsychosocial model. Frieda says "everything looks like it's shimmering or far away from me or something - it's unbelievable. I'm afraid I am going crazy."

psychological

Match the statement with the corresponding part of the biopsychosocial model. She is unable to go out under any circumstances, and her family is worried that she may never have a normal productive life.

social

Out of the 12 participants in the replication experiment, how many shocked all the way to the end of the experiment?

9

Jordan, an accountant, recently started watching documentaries on infectious diseases. Lately, he loves to get on twitter and argue with everyone about medications and solutions for containing infectious disease. Jordan thinks that his opinion must be heard because it is the right one, and he often discounts the advice of doctors who actually specialize in infectious disease. What perception error is Jordan exhibiting? A) Dunning-Kreuger effect B) Imposter phenomenon C) Self-serving bias D) Fundamental attribution error

A (Dunning-Kreuger effect)

Anne has just been diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder. When discussing treatment options with her doctor, he asks her for a comprehensive overview of her life to determine which therapy may be best for her. According to the biopsychosocial model, how might the "social" aspect of her life influence treatment options? A) The social aspect would give the doctor an idea of her home life. If her home life, such as her relationship with her parents and siblings, is not conducive to recovery, he may ask if she would want to participate in family therapy in addition to medication. B) The social aspect would give the doctor an idea of her genetic makeup which will then allow him to determine if a particular medication would be more suitable to her treatment plan. C) The social aspect would give the doctor an idea of Anne's previous history with mental health which will then allow him to determine how his course of treatment may interact with other treatment plans Anne has already encountered. D) The social aspect would give the doctor an idea of Anne's health history. This will allow the doctor to prescribe medications that do not interfere with the medications Anne is taking for other health related problems.

A (The social aspect would give the doctor an idea of her home life. If her home life, such as her relationship with her parents and siblings, is not conducive to recovery, he may ask if she would want to participate in family therapy in addition to medication.)

Herbert is a 32-year-old lawyer seeking treatment for his irrational fear of thunderstorms. He has had this fear since the age of 4, and throughout life he has developed various strategies for coping with his fear. Whenever possible, he avoids going outside when a storm is forecast. Not only will he stay inside a building, but he will make sure that he is in a room with no windows and no electrical appliances. As his job has grown in responsibility, Herbert has found that he can no longer afford to take time off because of his fear on stormy days, which he knows is irrational. According to the behavioral perspective, what is most likely to be the cause of Herbert's symptoms? A) When he was 4, Herbert's house caught fire after being struck by lightning during a thunderstorm. B) Herbert's mom has brontophobia C) Herbert learned about the dangerous nature of thunderstorms at a young age D) Herbert did not have a support system to help him cope with his anxiety during thunderstorms as a young child.

A (When he was 4, Herbert's house caught fire after being struck by lightning during a thunderstorm.)

Sasha and Carla are playing tennis. Carla is a great tennis player, but she's recovering from the flu and doesn't feel her best. Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. Sasha says to herself, "I heard Carla was a good player, but she doesn't seem that good to me." Sasha then misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" Sasha volleyed back strongly and thought, "Ha! Nobody can beat my backhand!" After the game, Carla says "Sorry I was so awful today. But you did such a good job serving that I was able to get in a couple of good shots." Carla's poor performance during the tennis match is the result of a cause that is: A) external and uncontrollable B) internal and uncontrollable C) stable and controllable D) unstable and controllable

A (external and uncontrollable)

You are tasked by your boss to come up with the best way to sell your company's new product (The Ultimate Coffee Mug). What would be the best way to persuade your audience to buy the mug? A) Have your mug in front of old ugly mugs to show that yours is the superior mug to other types of mugs B) Have an attractive actor sitting in a prestigious office while using your mug C) Show the mug on the screen with the company's website and phone numbrer written in bright colors so that people know where to order. D) Show an actor burning his mouth on the incredibly hot coffee that is kept warm by the mug.

B (Have an attractive actor sitting in a prestigious office while using your mug)

Sasha and Carla are playing tennis. Carla is a great tennis player, but she's recovering from the flu and doesn't feel her best. Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. Sasha says to herself, "I heard Carla was a good player, but she doesn't seem that good to me." Sasha then misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" Sasha volleyed back strongly and thought, "Ha! Nobody can beat my backhand!" After the game, Carla says "Sorry I was so awful today. But you did such a good job serving that I was able to get in a couple of good shots." Which of the following statements is an example of the self serving bias in this case study? A) Carla is a great tennis player, but she's recovering from the flu and doesn't feel her best. Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. B) Sasha misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" Sasha volleyed back strongly and thought, "Ha! Nobody can beat my backhand!" C) After the game Carla says, "Sorry I was so awful today. But you did such a good job serving that I was able to get in a couple of good shots." D) There is not an example of the self serving bias in this particular scenario.

B (Sasha misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" Sasha volleyed back strongly and thought, "Ha! Nobody can beat my backhand!")

Herbert is a 32-year-old lawyer seeking treatment for his irrational fear of thunderstorms. He has had this fear since the age of 4, and throughout life he has developed various strategies for coping with his fear. Whenever possible, he avoids going outside when a storm is forecast. Not only will he stay inside a building, but he will make sure that he is in a room with no windows and no electrical appliances. As his job has grown in responsibility, Herbert has found that he can no longer afford to take time off because of his fear on stormy days, which he knows is irrational. Herbert's psychologist endorses the behavioral perspective. Which of the following is she most likely to use to treat Herbert? A) Client-centered therapy B) Systematic desensitization C) Electroconvulsive shock therapy D) Antidepressants (SSRIs)

B (Systematic desensitization)

Frieda is a 28-year-old former postal worker who is visiting a psychologist for treatment because of recurrent, unexpected attacks in which her heart races, and she feels short of breath, nauseated, dizzy, and faint. During these incidents, Frieda says "everything looks like it's shimmering or far away from me or something -- it's unbelievable. I'm afraid I am going crazy." She's had several medical checkups, and has no physical problems that could account for these symptoms. These recurrent attacks have led Frieda to become afraid of driving. She has become so frightened that she might have an attack on the job that she has asked for a medical leave. Although at first she would leave the house when her mother was with her, she is now unable to go out under any circumstances, and her family is worried that she may never have a normal, productive life. Frieda's psychologist might use any of the following to treat Frieda EXCEPT: A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy B) An SSRI C) Systematic desensitization D) Psychotherapy

B (an SSRI)

Dana, a hospital admitting clerk, believes the FBI is reading her emails at work in an effort to convict her of communicating with aliens. Dana is exhibiting which symptom of schizophrenia? A) hallucinations B) delusions C) language disturbances D) inappropriate emotions

B (delusions)

Sarah is convinced she met her future husband in her chemistry class. They talk all the time, and it turns out that they have a few other classes together. She spends a lot of time with him studying and each day, she grows more and more attracted to him. However, over the summer when they both go home to different states, her feelings for him begin to dissipate. What could explain Sarah's feelings for him? A) consensual validation B) mere exposure effect C) matching hypothesis D) close proximity effect

B (mere exposure effect)

Zac and Taylor were best friends all through school and they did everything together. Zac has a family history of anxiety and panic attacks, but Taylor's family does not. During their senior year, Zac and Taylor got into a car accident, and afterwards Zac starts having frequent panic attacks while Taylor feels fine. Which psychological theory explains why Zac developed a disorder, but Taylor did not? A) the biological model B) the diathesis-stress model C) the biopsychosocial model D) the social cultural model

B (the diathesis-stress model)

Alex has dealt with feelings of anxiety for the majority of his life. He feels as if it is controlled but recently, he has been forgetting certain times of his day and where he has been before. He tells his therapist that he can't remember previous appointments and sometimes he feels as if he doesn't possess any emotions and feels like he is not all "there". What is Alex likely suffering from? A) Trauma-induced amnesia because he has symptoms of forgetfulness B) Alex's symptoms are not severe enough for him to be diagnosed as having a psychological disorder C) A dissociative disorder because he states that he feels "not there" and "numb" D) Generalized anxiety disorder because he has had feelings of anxiety for the majority of his life

C (A dissociative disorder because he states that he feels "not there" and "numb")

Sasha and Carla are playing tennis. Carla is a great tennis player, but she's recovering from the flu and doesn't feel her best. Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. Sasha says to herself, "I heard Carla was a good player, but she doesn't seem that good to me." Sasha then misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" Sasha volleyed back strongly and thought, "Ha! Nobody can beat my backhand!" After the game, Carla says "Sorry I was so awful today. But you did such a good job serving that I was able to get in a couple of good shots." Which of the following statements from the case study is an example of the fundamental attribution error? A) Sasha misses an easy shot, and she says, "Crap, I wouldn't't have missed that shot if the sun hadn't gotten in my eyes!" B) After the game, Carla says "Sorry I was so awful today. But you did such a good job serving that I was able to get in a couple of good shots." C) Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. Sasha says to herself, "I heard Carla was a good player, but she doesn't seem that good to me." D) There is not an example of the fundamental attribution error in this particular case study.

C (Carla misses a couple of shots, giving Sasha an early lead. Sasha says to herself, "I heard Carla was a good player, but she doesn't seem that good to me.")

Lauren is a highly active individual. She consistently goes on morning jogs, plays a few different intramural sports, and overall, takes her physical health very seriously. She also works as a personal trainer at a local gym and consistently teaches her clients about the importance of eating healthy. One day, one of her clients sees her eating McDonald's in her car before work but Lauren tells them "it's okay because I have good habits most of the time and I work out a lot so it isn't as bad for me as it would be for you". What is Lauren's Ego trying to combat and how is it attempting to do so? A) Lauren's ego is trying to combat the tension she feels from confrontation by projecting her insecurities on her client. B) Lauren's ego is trying to combat anxiety by eating because she had a rough day at work and felt it was okay to go against her beliefs for that one time. C) Lauren's ego is trying to combat her cognitive dissonance by rationalizing her choice to eat unhealthy by saying "it's okay for me because I consistently have good eating habits" D) Lauren's ego is trying to combat the cognitive dissonance she feels from eating unhealthy foods by displacing her anger on her client.

C (Lauren's ego is trying to combat her cognitive dissonance by rationalizing her choice to eat unhealthy by saying "it's okay for me because I consistently have good eating habits")

Michael takes a lot of pride in his schoolwork. However, lately he has been struggling to keep up his motivation. Michael tries to maintain his study habits while studying for the upcoming psych exam, but he takes the test and does not get the grade he was hoping to get. He justifies his poor performance on the rationale that his professor wasn't available enough and canvas was just too confusing to navigate. For the next exam, he spends a lot more time and effort studying and earns an A. This time, he says that his grade is because he is "just so smart." What perception error is Michael exhibiting? A) Cognitive dissonance B) Fundamental attribution error C) Self-serving bias D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

C (Self-serving bias)

Frieda is a 28-year-old former postal worker who is visiting a psychologist for treatment because of recurrent, unexpected attacks in which her heart races, and she feels short of breath, nauseated, dizzy, and faint. During these incidents, Frieda says "everything looks like it's shimmering or far away from me or something -- it's unbelievable. I'm afraid I am going crazy." She's had several medical checkups, and has no physical problems that could account for these symptoms. These recurrent attacks have led Frieda to become afraid of driving. She has become so frightened that she might have an attack on the job that she has asked for a medical leave. Although at first she would leave the house when her mother was with her, she is now unable to go out under any circumstances, and her family is worried that she may never have a normal, productive life. What psychological disorder would Frieda likely be diagnosed as having? A) Nothing; this behavior is not severe enough to be a disorder B) Schizophrenia C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder D) Panic Disorder

D (Panic Disorder)

All of the following are symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT: A) thought and language disturbance B) emotion inappropriate to the situation C) withdraws from social interaction D) long periods of sleepiness

D (long periods of sleepiness)

Match the statement with the corresponding part of the biopsychosocial model. She's had several medical checkups, and has no physical problems that could account for these symptoms.

biological