Psychopathology chapter 13, 14

Fetishistic disorder:

can involve both hard and soft objects

Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:

benzodiazepines.

Antagonist drugs used to treat persons with substance dependence:

block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.

Certain drugs can be used in conjunction with antidepressants to reduce their sexual side effects. One drug that has proven helpful in this regard is

bupropion

Interventions based on the _____ of alcohol abuse and dependency help clients identify situations in which they are most likely to drink and lose control over their drinking, as well as their expectations that alcohol will help them cope in those situations.

cognitive models

During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:

on the nod.

Which of the following observations is true of the drug phencyclidine (PCP)?

It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens.

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.

0.08

Approximately ____ percent of women experience report frequent pain during intercourse.

12 to 39

Researchers estimate a prevalence rate of female sexual interest/arousal disorder in women between 45 and 64 years of age to be ______ percent.

12.3

As many as _____ percent of cases of erectile disorder are caused by medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, kidney failure, and spinal cord injury.

40

Globally, approximately _____ percent of people over the age of 15 abstain from alcohol

62

Which of the following statements is true of the factors contributing to gender dysphoria?

A cluster of cells in the hypothalamus, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, has been implicated in gender dysphoria in multiple studies.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

Amphetamines

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activity among older adults?

Among older adults, discomfort with one's own aging can contribute to sexual problems

Which of the following statements is true of relationship problems and sexual dysfunction?

Anorgasmia in women may be tied to lack of communication between a woman and her male partner.

Dennis is undergoing treatment to stop alcohol use disorder. Whenever he takes this drug, he cannot even take one alcoholic drink because he starts to feel sick and dizzy and feels like vomiting. Which drug is he using?

Antabuse

Which of the following is a drug that can make alcohol use actually punishing, often causing vomiting in individuals who drink after taking it?

Antabuse

Which of the following is typically reduced due to caffeine intake?

Appetite

Which of the following statements about cannabis is true?

As of 2018, thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form for medical reasons.

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder includes ongoing substance use despite recurring social or relationship difficulties. Why have the DSM-5 authors removed the DSM-IV criterion regarding legal problems?

Because of its low prevalence

_____ provide reinforcements for individuals to curtail their use of substances, for example, employment, housing, or vouchers for purchases at local stores.

Contingency management programs

Which of the following uses imagery to create associations between thoughts of alcohol use and thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences?

Covert sensitization therapy

______ may be used to reduce a paraphiliac's anxiety about engaging in a normal sexual encounters with other adults.

Desensitization procedures

Long-term users of this drug risk several cardiac problems and liver failure, and they show increased rates of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and paranoia. Another effect is teeth-grinding; some users even suck a baby's pacifier at parties to relieve this. Which drug is being discussed here?

Ecstasy

Which of the following typically has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?

Ecstasy

Which of the following is a natural opioid produced by the human body?

Endorphin

Which of the following is often the initial symptom of opioid intoxication?

Euphoria

_____ occurs when a person obtains sexual gratification by exposing his or her genitals to involuntary observers, who are usually strangers.

Exhibitionism

Which of the following is NOT a biological characteristic of people with gender dysphoria?

Fathers who are necessarily cisgendered

_____ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification

Fetishistic disorder

Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

_____ goes by the street name G. and Liquid Ecstasy, and is also considered to be a date-rape drug.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

Which of the following statements about gender identity is true?

Gender identity is generally quite stable from childhood into adulthood.

Which of the following statements regarding testosterone replacement therapy for sexual dysfunction is true?

In randomized control trails, testosterone appears to be effective in women with low levels of desire or arousal, particularly in postmenopausal women.

The idea that the loss of semen can be detrimental to health is not accepted in Western cultures but is relevant to traditional:

Indian and Chinese cultures

_____ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.

Inhalants

_____, while not listed in the DSM as an official disorder, appears in the section listing conditions requiring further study. Video games, including multiplayer games played over the Internet, have become wildly popular across the world.

Internet gaming disorder

Why do date-rape victims fail to recognize that they have been drugged with rohypnol?

It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.

Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?

Its effects wear off quickly.

Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.

Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?

Males are more likely than females to use inhalants.

Which of the following statements is true about gay, lesbian, and bisexual people?

Many problems in sexual function experienced by gay, lesbian, and bisexual people may have to do with society's attitudes toward them.

Which of the following best explains why those who take heroin while on methadone do not experience heroin's intense psychological effects?

Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.

Which of the following was widely used as a pain reliever in the nineteenth century, until it was found to be highly addictive?

Morphine

Which of the following statements about people with minority sexual orientation is true?

Most of the sex therapy treatments used for heterosexual people can be used by gay, lesbian, or bisexual people.

Which of the following is a popular prescription opioid pain reliever?

Oxycodone

Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Sex therapy often includes teaching or encouraging clients to masturbate. This technique can be especially helpful for:

anorgasmic women

Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural aspects of sexual dysfunction?

Premature ejaculation is a primary concern among men across cultures.

When using hallucinogens, people say they hear colors and see sounds. They feel at one with their surroundings, and time seems to pass very slowly. Which term was coined to describe these experiences?

Pyschedelic

Which of the following is a widely known date-rape drug which goes by the slang names Roche and the Forget-Me-Not Pill?

Rohypnol

Which of the following observations is true?

Societal acceptance of heavy drinking by women has increased in recent generations, as has the rate of alcohol use among young women.

_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

Substance intoxication

_____ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

Substance withdrawal

_____ involves the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgement, and problem solving, and is often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

Substance-induced dementia

_____ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.

Sudden sniffing death

With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?

The brain reduces its production of dopamine.

For diagnosis of sexual sadism disorder to be made, which of the following criteria must be met in addition to sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving inflicting pain and humiliation on the person's sex partner?

The urges and behavior must cause the person significant distress or impairment in functioning or involve a non-consenting partner.

Which of the following statements is true about sexual sadism disorder and sexual masochism disorder?

The sexual rituals in these disorders involve physical restriction, the administration of pain, hyper-masculinity practices, and humiliation.

What was the outcome of Project MATCH that compared the different interventions designed to help people with alcohol dependency: cognitive-behavioral intervention, motivational interviewing and enhancement, and a 12-step program based on the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model?

The three interventions were equally effective in reducing drinking behavior and preventing relapse over the following year.

Rachel and Simon enjoy mild sadistic and masochistic sexual interaction. Which of the following statements is likely true about these behaviors?

They would not receive a diagnosis of sexual sadism or sexual masochism disorder.

Which of the following observations about tobacco use is true?

Tobacco use is increasing in developing countries over the past few decades.

_____ as a form of sexual arousal, involves watching another person undress, do things in the nude, or have sex.

Voyeurism

Men with pedophilic disorder are more likely to have:

a history of being sexually abused.

Sarah no longer has desire for sex and has barely had any sexual relations with her husband since her daughter, Amy, was born. Before her daughter's birth, Sarah had a healthy sexual appetite. Sarah is most likely experiencing _____ disorder.

acquired female sexual interest/arousal

Claudia finds that she reaches the sexual excitement phase of the sexual response cycle, but has difficulty moving past that stage. She is most likely experiencing _____.

anorgasmia

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes ____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appears during the second or third day.

convulsive seizures

Strong age differences in alcohol use disorders

decline as people age.

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is typically characterized by:

delirium tremens

Hank began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near his first experience. Hank has most likely:

developed a tolerance to cocaine.

Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters ____ and block their reuptake.

dopamine and norepinephrine

Luke and Tracy are attending counseling for their marital difficulties. Luke was reluctant to discuss their sex life with a "total stranger." Tracy insists that the therapist will be able to help them. The therapist probably began their session by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

encouraging the couple to avoid sensitive areas concerning their sexual behavior, especially during intimate moments.

Women with ____ disorder report absent or significantly reduced interest in sexual activity, in initiation of sex, and in sexual responsiveness to erotic cues.

female sexual interest/arousal

Teddy gets sexual gratification from stealing his girlfriend's underwear and masturbating into them. Teddy is exhibiting _____.

fetishism

The _____ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and peyote.

hallucinogens

Psychologist Alan Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking than abstinence programs is to recognize drinking as normative behavior and focus education on the immediate risks of drinking to excess and the payoffs of moderation. This is an example of a:

harm reduction model.

Women who consider hormone replacement therapy to increase sexual desire should be warned that the therapy could:

have masculinizing effects

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers at increased risk for:

heart disease

Which form of pedophilia is the most common?

heterosexual men who are attracted to young girls

Which form of pedophilic disorder is the rarest?

heterosexual women who are attracted to young children

Spectatoring involves:

individuals anxiously attending to reactions and performance during sex as if they were spectators.

Which of these is a major reason why ketamine users may injure themselves when they are intoxicated?

it is an anesthetic

Surveys in the United States have indicated that

less educated and poorer men and women tend to experience more sexual dysfunctions.

Men with the ____ form of erectile disorder have never been able to sustain an erection for a desired period of time.

lifelong

_____ desire disorder is characterized by males having little desire for sex.

male hypoactive sexual

The goal of the stop-start technique is for the:

man to gain control over his ejaculations and to enjoy the sensation of being in the woman's vagina.

Women with low sexual desire are:

more likely than men to report anxiety, depression, and life stress

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder may involve:

muscle tightening

A substance is defined as any:

natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

Most common:

need oral or manual stimulation of the clitoris to achieve orgasm.

During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, excitement remains at a high but stable level

plateau

Ricardo's wife has been complaining about their sex life. She feels he is experiencing difficulty controlling his orgasms and ejaculates with minimal sexual stimulation. Ricardo is likely experiencing ______.

premature ejaculation

The most common form of orgasmic disorder in men is

premature ejaculation

If a woman is in _____ therapy, the therapist might explore the origins of the woman's attitudes about masturbation in her early relationships.

psychodynamic

Mechanical interventions are available for men with erectile dysfunction. One such device is a hydraulic inflatable device, which allows a man to create an erection by pumping _____ into rods inserted in the penis

saline

Partners often differ in their _____ for sexual encounters—their expectations about what will take place during a sexual encounter and about what each partner's responsibilities are.

scripts

Some couples in long-term relationships have abandoned _____, activities that arouse sexual interest in both partners.

seduction

One type of personal trauma often associated with sexual desire disorders in women is _____.

sexual assault

Which premature ejaculation treatment technique is used less often because it is harder to teach clients in sex therapy?

squeeze technique

The diagnosis of _____ disorder is given in the DSM-5 when a person demonstrates impaired control, the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, risky use, as well as evidence of tolerance and withdrawal.

substance use

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

substance use disorder.

Clea has been using cocaine for a while now. She has been without any cocaine for 24 hours and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. She is most likely showing signs of:

substance withdrawal.

Albert has a history of alcohol dependence and abuse. He now has difficulties experiencing pleasure and sustaining an erection. Albert's physician would most likely diagnose him with _____ dysfunction.

substance-induced sexual

The focus of sensate focus therapy is:

sustaining pleasure

Which of the following is not a cognition typical of men with sexual dysfunction?

the sense of despair over not having orgasm

The present unwillingness to diagnose mild sexual sadism or sexual masochism is a good example of _____ and ______

understanding sexuality along a continuum; the challenges in defining abnormality

In sex therapy, the client's cognitions while engaging in new sexual exercises are:

used as material for discussion in therapy sessions

Gideon has erectile disorder. His doctor has recommended _____, which is a popular treatment for this problem.

viagra