PUBH421 FINAL EXAM Q1

Girolamo Fracastoro...

coined the term "Fomite" which we use today to describe objects that can carry infectious agents from one person to another

Edward Jenner was a English physician who was one of the first to

demonstrate that an exposure to the cow pox virus could immunize a person against the small pox virus

The Typhoid fever in Fiji article concluded that

eating unwashed produce before consumption is associated with increasing the odds of Salmonella Typhi infection, drinking surface water is associated with increasing the odds of Salmonella Typhi infection, the lack of hand washing is associated with increasing the odds of Salmonella Typhi infection

Seroconversion...

is the development of antibodies (specifically IgG) to prevent future infection, can occur regardless of whether a person experiences symptoms of the disease or not, refers to the cellular response of the immune system, occurs only if a person develops symptoms of the disease, is the process of converting sera (blood) to a vaccine

Rosalind Franklin is considered -

one of the persons that opened the doors to molecular detection (RNA/ DNA) of infectious agents

Ronald Ross determined that the _____ glands of mosquitoes carried the germinal rods of malaria.

salivary

Rabies is a good example of a communicable infectious disease

FALSE

You are designing a test to screen for a certain pathogenic agent in a supply of donated blood. For this situation, it is best to design the test to have a high SPECIFICITY at the sacrifice of a lower SENSITIVITY to ensure that no patients receive tainted blood.

FALSE

Diseases in which the reservoir is only humans lend themselves to eradication, whereas diseases with animals and/or environmental reservoirs present more of a challenge for eradication efforts. The main reservoir for Salmonella Typhi is the intestinal track of which of the following?

Humans

A blood bank administrator asks your lab to sample blood donations to screen for "disease A". The laboratory test for "disease A" has a SPECIFICITY of 93%. How many FALSE positives would you expect from this test if you test 100 donations?

7%

The main reservoir for Salmonella (non-Typhi) is the intestinal track of which of the following?

Birds (i.e. Chickens), Reptiles (i.e. Turtles)

What was John Grunt's contribution to the understanding and prevention of infectious diseases

Demonstrated how aggregating information from death certificates by gender and region could be used to describe differences in burden (Demography)

You are sharing a household with some very sick people. Which of these persons is more likely to transmit disease to you in the household, assuming you have no vaccination or immunity to any of the diseases they are ill with?

Persons with Salmonella (non-Typhi)

Which of the following are examples of an infectious disease (based on our class definition)

Plague, Rabies, Salmonella

You recently purchased a small water turtle from a street vender for your nephew as a gift. What potential infectious disease(s) are associated with this gift.

Salmonella (non-Typhi)

Which infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccine?

Salmonella (typhi), Rabies

Your patient has an infectious disease that he/ she is having trouble recovering from. The patient has a robust cellular response, but the humoral response is lacking, with no detectable antibodies for the microbial agent identified. Which sentence best describes this situation.

Seroconversion has not occurred

Although Salmonella (non-Typhi) infections are NOT responsible for a majority of the foodborne illnesses reported in the U.S., they ARE responsible for the majority of deaths associated with foodborne illness (T/F).

TRUE

Norovirus is the most common foodborne disease reported in the US.

TRUE

Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. Which of the following statements are one of these postulates.

The microorganism must be found in individuals with disease, but not in healthy individuals

Anton Leuwenhoek...

Used and improved the magnifying glass to observe and document small "animalcules"

The term "colonization" is used to describe when

a microbial agent gains access to a human host, multiplies and is able to keep the human immune system at bay

Ignatz Semmelweis was known for

attributing higher clinic maternal mortality rates to delivery physicians with poor hand-hygiene.