Public Health Test 2
Important principles of public health information include each of the following EXCEPT: A: Recognizing different types of data and providing integrated data management B: Maintaining a service orientation and ensuring flexibility C: Achieving system compatibility and protecting confidentiality D: Utilizing encounter-based data whenever possible
D: Utilizing encounter-based data whenever possible
The national notifiable disease surveillance system is most useful for which of the following purposes? . Describing long-term trends of a disease . Describing short-term trends of a disease . Rapidly detecting disease in an outbreak . Representative detection of disease
Describing long term trends of a disease
The national notifiable disease surveillance system is most useful for which of the following purposes 1. Describing long-term trends of a disease 2. Rapidly detecting disease in an outbreak 3. Representative detection of disease
Describing long-term trends of a disease
Ordinarily the term "Title XVIII" of Public Law 89-97 which was signed into law on July 30, 1965, is called
Medicare
The term "Title XVIII" signed July 30, 1965: . Medicaid . Medical Assistance . Medicare . CAMPUS
Medicare
The term "Title XVIII" which was signed into law on July 30, 1965, is better known as
Medicare
In Hungry for Change we learned that this is an amino acid used as a flavor-enhancer in soups, salad dressings, chips, frozen entrees and many restaurant foods. 1.Aspartame 2.High Fructose Corn Syrup 3.Monosodium Glutamate 4.Sodium Sulfite
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
Which of these public health data sources provides direct physical, physiological, and biochemical data from a national sample A: National Hospital Discharge Survey B: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey C: National Health Interview Survey D: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Which of these public health data sources provides direct physical, physiological, and biochemical data from a national sample?
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
One of the first voluntary health organizations; organized in 1904; initial parent organization developed in Pennsylvania in 1892: A: National Tuberculosis Association B: UNICEF C: World Health Organization D: United States Public Health Service E: National Institutes of Health
National Tuberculosis Association
Important principles of public health information include each of the following EXCEPT:
Utilizing encounter-based data whenever possible
60% of local health departments in the U.S. serve populations of 50,000 or less
True
T/F: The Affordable Care Act that the Supreme Court recently upheld extends healthcare coverage to over 30 million uninsured Americans, but actually does very little to make healthcare affordable.
True
The Affordable Care Act that the Supreme Court recently upheld extends healthcare coverage to over 30 million uninsured Americans, but actually does very little to make healthcare affordable. - True/ False
True
The inspection of meat delivery from Chicago to New York is the responsibility of who? . New York City Health Department . U.S. Dept of Agriculture . Food and Drug Administration . Chicago Department of Public Health
U.S Dept of Agriculture
The inspection of meat delivered from Chicago to NY is the responsibility of 1. New York City Health Department 2. US Department of Agriculture 3. Food and Drug Administration 4. Chicago Department of Public Health
US Department of Agriculture
Agency first created at Marine Hospital Service in 1789:
United States Public Health Service
The agency that was first created as a Marine Hospital Service in 1789 is: A: National Tuberculosis Association B: UNICEF C: World Health Organization D: United States Public Health Service E: National Institutes of Health
United States Public Health Service
Important principles of public health information include each of the following except 1. Recognizing different types of data and providing integrated data management 2. Maintaining a service orientation and ensuring flexibility 3. Achieving system compatibility and protecting confidentiality 4. Utilizing encounter-based data whenever possible
Utilizing encounter-based data whenever possible
Which of these public health data sources provides direct physical, physiological, and biochemical data from a national sample? A: National Hospital Discharge Survey B: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey C: National Health Interview Survey D: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
D: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Key steps for coalitions and other collaborative organizations include all of the following EXCEPT: A: Maintaining coalition vitality B: Recruiting the right people C: Defining elements of a successful coalition strategy D: Public information and public relations strategy development
D: Public information and public relations strategy development
Which two federal health agencies are most involved with public health workforce development? . FDA and CDC . NIH and FDA . NIH and HRSA . CDC and HRSA
CDC and HRSA
When considering only funding that supports delivery of public health core functions and essential public health services, the percent of federal as opposed to state-local funding is approximately 1. 1/3 federal, 2/3 state and local 2. 2/3 federal, 1/3 state and local 3. 1/2 federal, 1/2 state and local 4. 3/4 federal, 1/4 state and local
1/3 Federal, 2/3 state and local
Medical costs in the U.S. now consume what percent of our gross domestic product (GDP)?
17.3%
Approx. what percentage of local health jurisdictions have completed a community health assessment in the past three years?
60%
Approximately what percentage of local health jurisdictions has completed a community health assessment in the past three years? . 20% . 40% . 60% . 80%
60%
According to Vaccines : Calling the Shots, ____% of people in the United States will be exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in their lives. 25% 50% 80% 100%
80%
According to Vaccines: Calling the Shots, ____ % of people in the US will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives.
80%
The national notifiable disease surveillance system is most useful for which of the following purposes? A: Describing long-term trends of a disease B: Describing short-term trends of a disease C: Rapidly detecting disease in an outbreak D: Representative detection of disease E: None of the above
A: Describing long-term trends of a disease
The capacity to carry out the three core functions of a governmental public health agency (assessment, policy development and assurance) BEST describes which of the following terms? A: Public health infrastructure B: Preventive medicine C: Comprehensive health care D: Comprehensive health care
A: Public health infrastructure
In an ongoing epidemic, the health department may initiate active surveillance by directly contacting clinicians for current information. Regarding the data obtained and cases detected, which of the following will be increased by this active surveillance? A: Sensitivity B: Specificity C: Representativeness D: Predictive value positive E: None of the above
A: Sensitivity
When only funds supporting the ten essential public services are considered, the ratio of federal to state and local funds is approximately: A: One to one B: Two to one C: One to two D: One to three
C: One to two
Government can influence the health of its citizens by: A: Altering social factors that influence health B: Assuring equity and equality through public programs C: Providing access to services D: All the above
All of the above
Governments can influence health of their citizens by: 1. Altering social factors that influence health 2. Assuring equity and equality through public programs 3. Providing access to services 4. All of the above 5. Only A and C
All of the above
Governments can influence the health of their citizens by: 1. Altering social factors that influence health 2. Assuring equity and equality through public programs 3. Providing access to services 4. All of the above
All of the above
An ad hoc or temporary group of individuals representing different organizations is termed a A: Negotiation team B: Coalition C: Collaboratory council D: Conflict management review board
B: Coalition
Which of these BEST describes the major components of the infrastructure of public health? A: Assessment, policy development and assurance B: Human, fiscal, organizational and information resources C: Leadership, advocacy and coalitions D: Epidemiological investigations, priority setting and enforcement activities
B: Human, fiscal, organizational and information resources
Which of these is NOT one of the six universal competencies for public health professionals identified by a task force of public health practitioners and academics in the early 1990s? A: Analytical skills B: Leadership skills C: Cultural skills D: Financial management and planning skills
B: Leadership skills
Which two occupational categories represent more than one-half of all public health trained personnel in the U.S. workforce? A: Public health physicians and public health dentists B: Public health physicians and public health nurses C: Public health nurses and environmental health specialists D: Epidemiologists and nutritionists
C: Public health nurses and environmental health specialists
In studies of expenditures for public health functions conducted to date, for which of these statements is there evidence? A: Public health functions comprise less than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing more than half of these expenditures. B: Public health functions comprise less than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing less than half of these expenditures. C: Public health functions comprise more than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing more than half of these expenditures. D: Public health functions comprise more than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing less than half of these expenditures.
B: Public health functions comprise less than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing less than half of these expenditures.
As a society, we endorse the delegation of executive, legislative, and judicial authority to administrative agencies for many reasons, EXCEPT which of these? A: Because the complexity of modern society calls for more regulatory bodies to fulfill government's expanded regulatory roles B: Because of the need to rely upon the technical and professional expertise of agency personnel to carry out the public policy behind the legislation C: Because of the need to lessen the burden on the civil court system D: Because it is not always possible or even wise to include extensive detailed and technical information in a statute
Because of the need to lessen the burden on the civil court system
Which of the following is most critical to the success of a Healthy Communities initiative? A: Adequate funding from state and local resources B: Accurate statistics for local health indicators C: Broad representation and involvement of community members D: Continuous quality improvement, benchmarking and outcomes assessment
Broad representation and involvement of community members
In the expanded view model of health, the focus is on: A: Cure as an uncompromised goal B: Disease and disease processes C: Communities and other defined populations D: Acute episodic illness and treatment
C: Communities and other defined populations
Which two federal agencies are most involved with public workforce development
CDC and HRSA
Which of these federal agencies is not considered part of the U.S public Health Service: . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services . National Institutes of Health
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Essentially, coalition building is based on . Each organization's vested interests . Representatives . Equity in sharing resources . Collaboration
Collaboration
In the expanded view model of health, the focus is on: A: Cure as an uncompromised goal B: Disease and disease processes C: Communities and other defined populations D: Acute episodic illness and treatment
Communities and other defined populations
Which of the following refers to a community's ability to define and solve its own problems? . Social capital . Community development . Community organization . Community capacity
Community capacity
The national Institutes of Health does which of the following? . Oversees the science of preventive medicine through basic science and applied research . Conducts research for the treatment of disease . Provides funds for the clinical services for the poor, aged, and totally disabled . Evaluates safety
Conducts research for treatment of disease
The National Institutes of Health does which of the following 1. Oversees the science of preventative medicine through basic science and applied research 2. Conducts research into the treatment of major categories of disease 3. Provides funds for the clinical services for the poor, aged, and totally disabled 4. Evaluates the safety of food and drugs
Conducts research into the treatment of major categories of disease
Essentially, coalition building is based on: A: Each organization's vested interests B: Representativeness C: Equity in sharing resources D: Collaboration
D: Collaboration
More than 3/4 of all US local health departments are organized at this level of government
County
More than ¾ of all US local health departments are organized at this level of government
County
Which of these essential public health services is a component of the assessment core function 1. Diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community 2. Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues 3. Developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts 4. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community
Which of these essential public health services is a component of the policy development core function? . Diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community . Informing, education, and empowering people about health issues . Developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts . Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety .
Diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community
Which of these essential public health services is not a component of the policy development core function 1. Informing, educating and empowering poeple about health issues 2. Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health problems 3. Developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts 4. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
All of the following are minimum functions of a state health department as defined by the American Public Health Association except: 1. Study of state health problems and planning for their solution 2. Coordination and technical supervision of local health activities 3. Financial aid to local health departments 4. Enactment of sanitary regulations applicable in local health departments 5. Establishment of maximum standards for local health work
Establishment of maximum standards for local health work
The FDA is responsible for
Evaluating the safety of food and drugs
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for
Evaluating the safety of food and drugs
During the 2002 outbreak, the first positive blood test for West Nile Virus in Illinois came from Cook County
False
Most local health departments in the United States have more than 100 full-time employees.
False
T/F: Most local health departments in the US have more than 100 full-time employees
False
T/F: The majority of community health assessments are completed without the participation of the jurisdiction's local health department.
False
T/F: There is no national program that accredits state and local public health agencies in the U.S
False
The majority of community health assessments are completed without the participation of the jurisdiction's local health department. . True . False
False
The majority of community health assessments are completed without the participation of the jurisdiction's local health departments
False
There is no national program that accredits state and local public health agencies in the US
False
True/False: The majority of community health assessments are completed without the participation of the jurisdiction's local health departments.
False.
True/False: There is no national program that accredits state and local public health agencies in the U.S.
False.
Which government level has the fewest full-time equivalent (FTE) workers in health agencies
Federal
Which governmental level has the fewest full-time equivalent (FTE) workers in health agencies? Local State Federal Regional
Federal
The organizational unit in the federal government created in 1939 to bring together health, education, and welfare services. A: Federal Security Act B: Children's Bureau C: Department of Homeland Security D: Centers for Disease Control
Federal Security Act
The concept that government is responsible to ensure that standards are met in every community developed with the 1979 revision of the Model Standards and is referred to as: A: primary care B: coordinated delivery C: governmental presence in health D: eminent domain
Governmental presence in health
The State Health Officer is usually appointed by the:
Governor
The major strategy used by the federal government in the U.S. after about 1935 to influence the health policies and services of states and local governments was: A: appointment of state and local health commissioners B: development of unified national policy through federal legislation C: establishment of direct federal health service systems D: grants-in-aid
Grants-in-aid
The first public health nursing activity in the United States emphasized: A: Home care of the sick and poor B: School health services C: Communicable disease control D: Chronic illness management E: Rehabilitation for veterans of World War I
Home care of the sick and poor
Which of these best describes the major components of the infrastructure of public health? 1.Assessment, policy development and assurance 2.Human, fiscal, organizational and information resources 3.Leadership, advocacy, and coalitions 4.Epidemiological investigations, priority setting and enforcement activities
Human, Fiscal, organizational and informational resources
Which of these BEST describes the major components of the infrastructure of public health?
Human, fiscal, organizational and information resources
Which of these BEST describes the major components of the infrastructure of public health? . Assessment, policy development, and assurance . Human, fiscal, organizational, and information resources . Leadership, advocacy, and coalitions . Epidemiological investigations, priority setting, and enforcement activities
Human, fiscal, organizational, and information resources
In Hungry for Change, we learned that this is an amino acid used as a flavor-enhancer in soups, salad dressings, chips, frozen entrees and many restaurant foods.
MSG
More than three fourths of all U.S local health departments are organized at this level of government?
Local
Which level of government employs the highest percentage of all workers of governmental health agencies?
Local
When only funds supporting the ten essential public services are considered, the ratio of federal to state and local funds is approximately:
One to two
When considering only funding that supports delivery of public health core functions and essential public health services, the percent of federal as opposed to state-local funding is approximately:
One-third federal, two-thirds state and local
Which of these characteristics applies to the greatest number of official state health departments in the United States? A: Lead environmental agency for the state B: Free standing agencies rather than components of larger multi-purpose human services agencies C: Operates state institutions D: Operates the state's Medicaid Program
Operates state institutions OR free standing agencies rather than components of larger multi-purpose human service agencies
The CDC does which of the following 1. Oversees the science of preventative medicine through basic science and applied research 2. Conducts research into the treatment of major categories of disease 3. Provides funds for the clinical services for the poor, aged, and totally disabled 4. Provides services for indigenous populations
Oversees the science of preventative medicine through basic science and applied research
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) does which of the following? A: Oversees the science of preventive medicine through basic science and applied research B: Conducts research into the treatment of major categories of disease C: Provides funds for the clinical services for the poor, aged, and totally disabled D: Provides services to indigenous populations E: Evaluates the safety of food and drugs
Oversees the science of preventative medicine through basic science and applied research
Which of these pairs were not included among the so-called "Basic 6" services of public health that characterize public health practice over the first half of the 20th century in the U.S.: A: Communicable disease control and health education B: Primary care and chronic disease prevention C: Sanitation and laboratory services D: Vital statistics and maternal and child health
Primary care and chronic disease prevention
The most common type of health care planning used in the U.S. is: A: Institution-based planning B: Program planning C: Population-based planning D: Community planning
Program planning
Which two occupational categories represents more than one-half of all public health trained persons in the U.S workforce? . Public Health physicians and public health dentists . Public Health physicians and public health nurses . Public Health nurses and environmental health specialists . Epidemiologists and nutritionists
Public Health nurses and environmental health specialist
In the studies of expenditure for public health activities, for which of these statements is there good evidence?
Public health activities less than 5% of all health spending with the federal government contributing less than half of the total
In the studies of expenditure for public health activities, for which of these statements is there good evidence? .
Public health activities less than 5% of all health spending with the federal government contributing less than half of the total
In studies of expenditures for public health functions conducted to date, for which of these statements is there evidence?
Public health functions comprise less than 5 percent of all health spending with the federal government financing less than half of these expenditures.
The capacity to carry out the three core functions of a governmental public health agency (assessment, policy development and assurance) BEST describes which of the following terms?
Public health infrastructure
The capacity to carry out the three core functions of a governmental public health agency (assessment, policy development and assurance) BEST describes which of the following terms? A: Public health infrastructure B: Preventive medicine C: Comprehensive health care D: Comprehensive health care
Public health infrastructure
Key steps for coalitions and other collaborative organizations include all of the following EXCEPT:
Public information and public relations strategy development
In an ongoing epidemic, the health department may initiate active surveillance by directly contacting clinicians for current information. Regarding the data obtained and cases detected, which of the following will be increased by this active surveillance?
Sensitivity
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified which level of government as the central force in public health, bearing primary public sector responsibility for the health of people?
State Legislature
Which one of these has the fundamental responsibility to determine the health status and the health needs of the people within its jurisdiction, determine to what extent these needs are being effectively met by currently available measures, and take steps to see that the unmet needs are satisfied? 1. U.S. Public Health Services 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3. State and local health departments 4. Public hospitals
State and Local Health Departments
Which one of these has the fundamental responsibility to determine the health status and the health needs of the people within its jurisdiction, determine to what extent these needs are being effectively met by currently available measures, and takes steps to see that the unmet needs are satisfied?
State and Local Health Departments
Which of these has the fundamental responsibility to determine the health status and the health needs of the people within its jurisdiction, determine to what extent these needs are being effectively met by effective measures currently available, and take steps to see that the unmet needs are satisfied: . U.S. Public Health Service . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . State and local health departments . Public hospitals .
State and local health departments
Which one of these has the fundamental responsibility to determine the health status and the health needs of the people within its jurisdiction, determine to what extent these needs are being effectively met by effective measures currently available, and
State and local health departments
The Institute of Medicine identified which level of government as the central force in public health, bearing primary public sector responsibility for the health of the people? A: Federal B: state legislature C: County D: Municipal
State legislature
The definition of a local health department as a unit of local government, with at least one full-time employee and a budget, with responsibilities for health is what type of definition? 1.Mission-driven 2.Functional 3.Structural 4.Process-driven
Structural
The definition of a local health department as a unit of local government, with at least one full-time employee and a budget, with responsibilities for health is what type of definition? A: Mission-driven B: Functional C: Structural D: Process-oriented
Structural
The definition of a local health department as a unit of local government, with atleast one full-time employee and a budget, with responsibilities for health, is what type of definition? . Mission-driven . Functional . Structural . Process-driven
Structural
Which of these BEST characterize the public health practice: "Advocate for public health, build constituencies and identify resources in the community"? A: The process of generating support among outside groups which address community health needs and issues B: The process in which health agencies, working together with their constituents and others, formulate goals and objectives to meet the priority health needs of the community, and identify a course of action to achieve these goals and objectives C: The process of acquiring, allocating and controlling resources, both human and fiscal, that will enable a public health agency to improve its leadership, work force and operational systems that respond to current and future community needs D: The process of taking action on plans and policies to accomplish the community's public health objectives
The process of generating support among outside groups which address community health needs and issues
Which of the following descriptions BEST characterizes the public health practice: "Assess the health needs of the community"? A: The process of examining data to establish the existence of community factors contributing to identified health problems B: The process of listing, ordering and classifying community health problems based on the size and seriousness of the problem and the acceptability, economic feasibility and effectiveness of interventions C: Systematic response to obtain information regarding health effects, acute and chronic diseases, premature death, disability and environmental hazards D: The process of systematically describing the prevailing health status and health problems of a community
The process of systematically describing the prevailing health status and health problems of a community
Name of the director of the CDC
Thomas Freidan
What is the function of law in public health 1. To govern and police the individual interests of all citizens 2. To enforce coercive interventions aimed at changing individual behaviors 3. To create a mission for public health authorities, assign their functions, and specify the manner in which they may exercise authority 4. To empower governments to act and set limits on power.
To Create a mission for public health authorities, assign their functions, and specify the manner in which they may exercise authority
What is the function of law in public health?
To create a mission for public health authorities, assign their functions, and specify the manner in which they may exercise authority
Public health is concerned with the health of populations. Accordingly, one of the core functions of public health (as described by the IOM in 1988) is: 1.Refining the definition of populations 2.To create and advocate for solutions to address (at all levels) the health concerns of populations 3.Making certain that health policy legislation always contains the phrase "population health" 4.Developing new models for solving all public health problems
To create and advocate for solutions to address (at all levels) the health concerns of populations
Concerning the American Red Cross, it: A: Receives funds from the national treasury B: Supplies medical care to the military C: Supplies nursing care to the military D: Was chartered as a relief agency by the federal government E: Has no official status
Was chartered as a relief agency by the federal government
The United States Bureau of the Census: A: Conducts a nationwide census every five years B: Receives and analyzes copies of birth and death certificates C: Was established in 1902 as a permanent federal agency D: Is directly responsible to the president
Was established in 1902 as a permanent federal agency
Which of these essential public health services is a component of the assessment core function? a) diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community b) informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues c) developing policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts d) enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
a) diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community
Quality improvement efforts for the public health systems focus most extensively on which aspect of the system? a) processes b) outputs c) inputs d) outcomes
a) processes
Which of the following is not a principle/key component in community organization and community building practice? a) critical consciousness and empowerment b) critical allocation of resources and sharing among partners c) principle or relevance or "start where the people are" d) principle of participation
b) critical allocation of resources and sharing among partners
The majority of community health assessments are completed without the participation of the jurisdiction's local health departments a) true b) false
b) false
There is no national program that accredits state and local public health agencies in the US a) true b) false
b) false
For the Healthy People 2010 objectives for physical activity levels for adolescents and for adults, which of the following statements is true? a) the year 2010 targets for both objectives were met b) the year 2010 targets for neither objectives was met c) only the year 2010 target for adolescents was met d) only the year 2010 target for adults was met
b) the year 2010 targets for neither objectives was met
Approximately what percentage of local health jurisdictions have completed a community health assessment in the past three years? a) 20% b) 40% c) 60% d) 80%
c) 60%
Which one of these has the fundamental responsibility to determine the health status and the health needs of the people within its jurisdiction, determine to what extent these needs are being effectively met by currently available measures, and take steps to see that the unmet needs are satisfied? a) US Public Health Services b) CDC c) State and local health departments d) Public hospitals
c) State and local health departments
Which of these essential public health services is not a component of the policy development core function? a) informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues b) mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health problems c) developing policies and plans to support individual and community health efforts d) enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
d) enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
All of the following are minimum functions of a state health department as defined by the American Public Health Association except: a) study of state health problems and planning for their solution b) coordination and technical supervision of local health activities c) financial aid to local health departments d) enactment of sanitary regulation applicable in local health departments e) establishment of maximum standards for local health work
e) establishment of maximum standards for local health work
When considering only funding that supports delivery of public health core functions and essential public health services, the percent of federal as opposed to state-local funding is approx:
one-half federal, one-half state and local
A national enumeration of the public health workforce:
was not performed between 1980 and 2000